| TOP STORY | Recipient’s Immune System Governs Stem Cell Regeneration A new study describes how different types of immune system T-cells alternately discourage and encourage stem cells to regrow bone and tissue, bringing into sharp focus the importance of the transplant recipient’s immune system in stem cell-based regeneration. [Press release from the University of Southern California discussing online prepublication in Nature Medicine] Press Release | Abstract |
| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) | Natural Killer Cells Act as Rheostats Modulating Antiviral T Cells Here researchers examine the roles of natural killer cells in regulating T-cell-dependent viral persistence and immunopathology in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, an established model for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in humans. [Nature] Abstract Lyn Is a Redox Sensor that Mediates Leukocyte Wound Attraction In Vivo Here investigators identify the Src family kinase Lyn as a redox sensor that mediates initial neutrophil recruitment to wounds in zebrafish larvae. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Drives the Development of Gut ILC22 Cells and Postnatal Lymphoid Tissues via Pathways Dependent on and Independent of Notch Here researchers found that Ahr−/− mice had a considerable deficit in innate lymphoid cell 22 (ILC22) cells that resulted in less secretion of interleukin 22 and inadequate protection against intestinal bacterial infection. [Nat Immunol] Abstract The Redox-Sensitive Cation Channel TRPM2 Modulates Phagocyte ROS Production and Inflammation Here scientists report that TRPM2, a nonselective and redox-sensitive cation channel, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytic cells and prevented endotoxin-induced lung inflammation in mice. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Enforced Viral Replication Activates Adaptive Immunity and Is Essential for the Control of a Cytopathic Virus Researchers found that enforced viral replication in marginal zone macrophages was an immunological mechanism that ensured the production of sufficient antigen for effective activation of the adaptive immune response. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Crosstalk between B Lymphocytes, Microbiota and the Intestinal Epithelium Governs Immunity versus Metabolism in the Gut Researchers found that, in the absence of B cells, or of IgA, and in the presence of the microbiota, the intestinal epithelium launches its own protective mechanisms, upregulating interferon-inducible immune response pathways and simultaneously repressing Gata4-related metabolic functions. [Nat Med] Abstract A Mechanism for Glycoconjugate Vaccine Activation of the Adaptive Immune System and Its Implications for Vaccine Design In this study, the researchers’ discovery of how glycoconjugates are processed resulting in presentation of carbohydrate epitopes that stimulate CD4+ T cells has key implications for glycoconjugate vaccine design that could result in greatly enhanced vaccine efficacy. [Nat Med] Abstract An Interleukin-21- Interleukin-10-STAT3 Pathway Is Critical for Functional Maturation of Memory CD8+ T Cells This study shows that the interleukin-10 (IL-10)-IL-21-STAT3 pathway is critical for memory CD8+ T cell development after acute LCMV infection. [Immunity] Abstract Eomesodermin Controls Interleukin-5 Production in Memory T Helper 2 Cells through Inhibition of Activity of the Transcription Factor GATA3 Here investigators show that memory T helper 2 cells are divided into four subpopulations by CD62L and CXCR3 expression. All four subpopulations produced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, whereas only the CD62LloCXCR3lo population produced IL-5 accompanied by increased H3-K4 methylation at the Il5 gene locus. [Immunity] Abstract Glucocorticoid Therapy of Antigen-Induced Arthritis Depends on the Dimerized Glucocorticoid Receptor in T Cells Using cell type-specific glucocorticoid receptor-deficient mice subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) as a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, researchers show that glucocorticoid action on T cells but not myeloid cells is critical for therapeutic intervention in AIA. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract |
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