Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity Is a Critical Regulator of CD8+ T Cell Memory Development Scientists have shown here that CD8+ memory T cells, but not CD8+ T effector cells, possessed substantial mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. [Immunity] Abstract TAK1 Negatively Regulates NF-κB and p38 MAP Kinase Activation in Gr-1+CD11b+ Neutrophils Findings identify a previously unrecognized role of TGF-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) as a negative regulator of p38 and IKK activation in a cell type-specific manner. [Immunity] Abstract Lymph Node T Cell Homeostasis Relies on Steady State Homing of Dendritic Cells Applying different mouse models, including conditionally proficient Ccr7 gene-targeted mice, researchers now show that semi-mature steady state dendritic cells constitutively trafficking into lymph nodes were essential contributors to T cell homeostasis in these organs. [Immunity] Abstract The Transcription Factor Myc Controls Metabolic Reprogramming Upon T Lymphocyte Activation Two of the top-ranked candidate transcription factors potentially responsible for the activation-induced T cell metabolic transcriptome, HIF1α and Myc, were induced upon T cell activation, but only the acute deletion of Myc markedly inhibited activation-induced glycolysis and glutaminolysis in T cells. [Immunity] Abstract Requirements of Transcription Factor Smad-Dependent and -Independent TGF-β Signaling to Control Discrete T-Cell Functions In this study, scientists investigated the requirements of Smad-dependent and -independent TGF-β signaling for T-cell function. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract A Tolerogenic Role for Toll-Like Receptor 9 Is Revealed by B-Cell Interaction with DNA Complexes Expressed on Apoptotic Cells Here researchers report that IL-10 production by B cells, stimulated by contact with apoptotic cells (ACs), results from the engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 within the B cell after recognition of DNA-containing complexes on the surface of ACs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Combined Tbet and IL12 Gene Therapy Elicits and Recruits Superior Antitumor Immunity In Vivo Since IL-12 is a classical promoter of type-1 immunity, the current study was undertaken to determine whether gene therapy using combined Tbet and IL-12 complementary DNA would yield improved antitumor efficacy based on the complementary/synergistic action of these biologic modifiers. [Mol Ther] Abstract Human Regulatory T Cells Rapidly Suppress T Cell Receptor–Induced Ca2+, Nuclear Factor-κB, and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell Signaling in Conventional T Cells Here, scientists showed that human regulatory T cells rapidly suppressed the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores in response to T cell receptor activation in conventional T cells. [Sci Signal] Abstract | Press Release Cells Exposed to Sublethal Oxidative Stress Selectively Attract Monocytes/Macrophages via Scavenger Receptors and MyD88-Mediated Signaling In this study, researchers looked for early signals that direct immune cells to cells undergoing stress before irreversible damage takes place. [J Immunol] Abstract Surfactant Protein A Integrates Activation Signal Strength to Differentially Modulate T Cell Proliferation Investigators hypothesized that surfactant protein A-mediated modulation of T cell activation depends upon the strength, duration, and type of lymphocyte activating signals. [J Immunol] Abstract Dominant Th2 Differentiation of Human Regulatory T Cells Upon Loss of FOXP3 Expression Researchers compared the transcriptomes of stable FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and converted FOXP3− ex-Treg by applying a newly developed intranuclear staining protocol that permits the isolation of intact mRNA from fixed, permeabilized, and FACS-purified cell populations. [J Immunol] Abstract Population Dynamics of Naive and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses After Antigen Stimulations In Vivo To explore cell-autonomous functional differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells that are not influenced by differences in the priming environment, an experimental model has been developed in which physiological numbers of both populations of cells were co-transferred into naive hosts before Ag stimulation. [J Immunol] Abstract Influenza A Virus Infection Results in a Robust, Antigen-Responsive and Widely Disseminated Foxp3 Regulatory T Cell Response The present study sought to examine the induction of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells in a non-lethal murine model of pulmonary viral infection using the prototypical respiratory virus influenza A. [J Virol] Abstract |