Immune Regulation News Volume 4.19 | May 25 2012

Cross-Interference of RLR and TLR Signaling Pathways Modulates Antibacterial T Cell Responses
Researchers found that the activation of cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) resulted in the selective suppression of transcription of the gene encoding the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (Il12b) that was effectively induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Regulation of Actin Dynamics by Protein Kinase R Control of Gelsolin Enforces Basal Innate Immune Defense
Researchers showed that the antiviral protein kinase R (PKR) inhibited the key actin-modifying protein gelsolin to regulate actin dynamics and control cytoskeletal cellular functions under homeostatic conditions. Through this mechanism, PKR controlled fundamental innate immune, actin-dependent processes that included membrane ruffling and particle engulfment. [Immunity] Abstract

Disruption of Fnip1 Reveals a Metabolic Checkpoint Controlling B Lymphocyte Development
Using a chemical mutagenesis strategy in mice, the authors identified a pedigree that has a complete block in B cell development at the pre-B cell stage resulting from a deletion in the Fnip1 gene. [Immunity] Abstract

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Microglia are the resident central nervous system immune cells and active surveyors of the extracellular environment. The results of this study demonstrated a role for microglia in activity-dependent synaptic pruning in the postnatal retinogeniculate system. [Neuron] Abstract | Press Release

The Mitochondrial Targeting Chaperone 14-3-3ε Regulates a RIG-I Translocon that Mediates Membrane Association and Innate Antiviral Immunity
RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that initiates immune responses against RNA viruses. The results of this study defined 14-3-3ε as a key component of a RIG-I translocon required for innate antiviral immunity. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract

CD62L^– Memory T Cells Enhance T-Cell Regeneration after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation by Eliminating Host Resistance in Mice
Researchers investigated how CD62L^– T cells contributed to phenotypic and functional T cell reconstitution post transplantation. Upon transfer into allogeneic recipients, CD62L^– T cells were activated and expressed multiple cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. [Blood] Abstract

Temporal and Spatial Interplay of Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa Drive Establishment of Immune Homeostasis in Conventionalized Mice
This study provides a comprehensive overview of mouse developmental and immune-related cellular pathways and processes that were co-mediated by the commensal microbiota and suggests which mechanisms were involved in this reprogramming. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

PTH/PTHrP and Vitamin D Control Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Susceptibility to Bacterial Skin Infection
Scientists showed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ acts together with parathyroid hormone (PTH), or the shared amino-terminal domain of PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), to synergistically increase cathelicidin and immune defense. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release

“Walk for Cure” Empowers Autoimmune Disease Community
Through the “Walk for Cure” video awareness campaign, scleroderma supporters can share their personal reasons for taking part in Stepping Out to Cure Scleroderma walks via video messages. [PR Newswire] Press Release

Karolinska University Hospital and GE Healthcare Collaborate to Advance Technologies for Cell Therapy
Karolinska University Hospital Sweden and GE Healthcare Life Sciences announced a joint research collaboration to drive advances in technologies and workflows for use in the rapidly emerging field of cell therapy. [General Electric Company] Press Release

National Institutes of Health (United States)

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

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