| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal) | STATs Shape the Active Enhancer Landscape of T Cell Populations The authors used CD4+ T cells as a model of differentiation, mapping the activity of cell-type-specific enhancer elements in T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. Their data established that STAT proteins have a major impact on the activation of lineage-specific enhancers and the suppression of enhancers associated with alternative cell fates. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract ARIH2 Is Essential for Embryogenesis, and Its Hematopoietic Deficiency Causes Lethal Activation of the Immune System Scientists found that in dendritic cells (DCs), ARIH2 caused degradation of the inhibitor IκBβ in the nucleus, which abrogated its ability to sequester, protect and transcriptionally coactivate the transcription factor subunit p65 in the nucleus. ARIH2 caused dysregulated activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in DCs, which led to lethal activation of the immune system in ARIH2-sufficent mice reconstituted with ARIH2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release NK Cells Impede Glioblastoma Virotherapy through NKp30 and NKp46 Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors Researchers found that within hours of oncolytic Herpes simplex viral (oHSV) infection of glioblastomas in mice, activated natural killer (NK) cells are recruited to the site of infection. This response substantially diminished the efficacy of glioblastoma virotherapy. In vitro, human NK cells preferentially lysed oHSV-infected human glioblastoma cell lines. This enhanced killing depended on the NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30 and NKp46, whose ligands are upregulated in oHSV-infected glioblastoma cells. [Nat Med] Abstract | Press Release IkBNS Protein Mediates Regulatory T Cell Development via Induction of the Foxp3 Transcription Factor Scientists showed that the atypical inhibitor of NFkB (IkB) IkBNS drives Foxp3 expression via association with the promoter and the conserved noncoding sequence 3 of the Foxp3 locus. Consequently, IkBNS deficiency leads to a substantial reduction of Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo and impaired Foxp3 induction upon transforming growth factor-β treatment in vitro. [Immunity] Abstract Inositol Tetrakisphosphate Limits NK Cell Effector Functions by Controlling Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling Investigators identified a novel role for the phosphorylated IP3 metabolite inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) in NK cells. IP4 promotes NK cell terminal differentiation and acquisition of a mature NK cell receptors (NKR) repertoire. This identifies IP4 as an important novel regulator of NK cell development and function, and expands the understanding of the therapeutically important mechanisms dampening NK cell responses. [Blood] Abstract | Press Release T-Cell Death following Immune Activation Is Mediated by Mitochondria-Localized SARM Researchers report that sterile α– and heat armadillo-motif-containing protein (SARM) is proapoptotic during T-cell immune response. SARM expression is significantly reduced in natural killer (NK)/T lymphoma patients compared with healthy individuals, suggesting that decreased SARM supports NK/T-cell proliferation. [Cell Death Differ] Abstract Targeted Coating with Antigenic Peptide Renders Tumor Cells Susceptible to CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Killing Scientists created a therapeutic agent comprised of a tumor-homing module fused to a functional domain capable of selectively rendering tumor cells sensitive to foreign antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated immune attack, and thereby, circumventing concerns for immune tolerance. [Mol Ther] Abstract Therapeutic Potential of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Expressed on CD8+ T Cells for Contact Hypersensitivity To determine the roles of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS), BTLA-deficient (BTLA−/−) mice and littermate wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to DNFB-induced CHS, severe combined immunodeficient mice were injected with CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells from either WT mice or BTLA−/− mice were subjected to CHS. [J Invest Dermatol] Abstract |
| SCIENCE NEWS | Final Results of the Phase II Study in Crohn’s NEOVACS announced the final results of the phase II study of its TNF-Kinoid active immunotherapy in Crohn’s Disease, in patients who had lost response to a monoclonal antibody TNF inhibitor. [Press release from NEOVACS discussing research presented at the ACR Annual Meeting, Washington ] Press Release |
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