| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal) | Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells Induce Th17 Cell Differentiation Scientists report that human inflammatory dendritic cells, but not inflammatory macrophages, stimulated autologous memory CD4+ T cells to produce interleukin-17 and induce T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells through the selective secretion of Th17 cell-polarizing cytokines. [Immunity] Abstract Mutations in GATA2 Cause Human NK Cell Deficiency with Specific Loss of the CD56bright Subset The authors report that GATA2 is required for the maturation of human NK cells and the maintenance of the CD56bright pool in the periphery. Defects in GATA2 are a novel cause of profound NK cell dysfunction. [Blood] Abstract Neurokinin-1 Receptor Agonists Bias Therapeutic Dendritic Cells to Induce Type-1 Immunity by Licensing Host Dendritic Cells to Produce IL-12 Scientists demonstrated that neurokinin-1 receptor-signaling activates therapeutic dendritic cells capable of biasing type-1 immunity by inhibition of IL-10 synthesis and secretion, without affecting their low levels of IL-12 production. [Blood] Abstract Involvement of Toso in Activation of Monocytes, Macrophages, and Granulocytes Researchers generated Toso-deficient mice and used them to uncover a critical regulatory function of Toso in innate immune activation. Development of innate immune cells was intact in the absence of Toso, but Toso-deficient neutrophils exhibited more reactive oxygen species production and reduced phagocytosis of pathogens compared with controls. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract TSG-6 Produced by hMSCs Delays the Onset of Autoimmune Diabetes by Suppressing Th1 Development and Enhancing Tolerogenicity The authors showed that human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) and TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), a protein produced by hMSCs in response to signals from injured tissues, delayed the onset of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by inhibiting insulitis and augmenting regulatory T cells within the pancreas. [Diabetes] Abstract In Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Effector T Cell Resistance to Adaptive Tregs Involves Interleukin-6-Mediated Signaling To determine whether effector T cell (Teff) resistance contributes to failed tolerance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), investigators performed regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression assays with Teff from either RRMS patients not on immunomodulatory therapy or healthy individuals. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Elicits Interleukin-33-Independent Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses to Promote Skin Inflammation The authors identified a population of skin-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) present in healthy human skin that are enriched in lesional human skin from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Group 2 ILCs were also found in normal murine skin and were critical for the development of inflammation in a murine model of AD-like disease. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release Generation of an HIV Resistant T-Cell Line by Targeted “Stacking” of Restriction Factors Researchers used zinc finger nucleases to insert a cocktail of anti-HIV restriction factors into the CCR5 locus in a T-cell reporter line, knocking out the CCR5 gene in the process. Mirroring the logic of highly active antiretroviral therapy, this strategy provides multiple parallel blocks to infection, dramatically limiting pathways for viral escape, without relying on random integration of transgenes into the genome. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Press Release TRIF-Mediated TLR3 and TLR4 Signaling Is Negatively Regulated by ADAM15 Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN (TRIF)-interacting partners were identified by immunoprecipitation of the TRIF signaling complex, followed by protein identification using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Following stimulation of cells with a TLR3 or TLR4 ligand, the authors identified a disintegrin and metalloprotease 15 (ADAM15) as a novel TRIF-interacting partner. [J Immunol] Abstract |
| REVIEWS | Six-of-the-Best: Unique Contributions of γδ T Cells to Immunology The authors conclude that while B cells and αβ T cells are commonly thought to contribute primarily to the antigen-specific effector and memory phases of immunity, γδ T cells are distinct in that they combine conventional adaptive features (inherent in their T cell receptors and pleiotropic effector functions) with rapid, innate-like responses that can place them in the initiation phase of immune reactions. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Advances in Targeting Cell Surface Signaling Molecules for Immune Modulation Advances in the understanding of the human immune system, along with valuable lessons learned from the first generation of therapeutic biologics, are aiding the design of the next generation of immunomodulatory biologics with better therapeutic efficacy, minimized adverse effects and long-lasting clinical benefit. [Nat Rev Drug Discov] Abstract Negative Regulation of Human Mononuclear Phagocyte Function This review discusses inhibitory regulation of pattern-recognition receptor-induced macrophage functions and the consequences of dysregulation of these functions and highlights mechanisms that have a role in intestinal macrophages and in human macrophage studies. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract |
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