Immune Regulation News Volume 6.22 | Jun 20 2014

Antibody Repertoire Deep Sequencing Reveals Antigen-Independent Selection in Maturing B Cells
By sequencing 2.8 million recombined heavy-chain genes from immature and mature B-cell subsets in mice, researchers demonstrate a striking gradient in heavy-chain variable gene use as pre-B cells mature into follicular and then into marginal zone B cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release

TREM-1 Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Ureteral Obstruction
Scientists determined whether an important inflammatory regulator, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, is upregulated in renal tissues collected from mouse ureteral obstruction-induced nephritis. [Kidney Int] Abstract

T Cell Receptor-Dependent Activation of mTOR Signaling in T Cells Is Mediated by Carma1 and MALT1, but Not Bcl10
Researchers found that the adaptor protein Carma1 (caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated protein 1) and at least one of its associated proteins, the paracaspase MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1), were required for optimal activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in T cells in response to stimulation of the T cell receptor and the co-receptor CD28. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Ninjurin1 Enhances the Basal Motility and Transendothelial Migration of Immune Cells by Inducing Protrusive Membrane Dynamics
Scientists examined the pro-migratory function of Ninjurin1 and its regulatory mechanisms in macrophages. Interestingly, Ninjurin1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibited reduced membrane protrusion formation and dynamics, resulting in the impairment of cell motility. [J Biol Chem]
Abstract | Full Article

Deletion of Astroglial CXCL10 Delays Clinical Onset but Does Not Affect Progressive Axon Loss in a Murine Autoimmune Multiple Sclerosis Model
Astroglial CXCL10 deletion did not significantly alter the overall composition of CD4⁺ lymphocytes and CD11b⁺ cells in the acutely inflamed central nervous system, but did diminish accumulation of CD4⁺ lymphocytes in the spinal cord perivascular spaces. [J Neuroinflammation] Abstract | Full Article

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cell (MDSC) Adoptive Transfer in Mouse Models of Autoimmunity and Allograft Rejection
Recently, MDSC have been successfully generated in vitro from naive mouse bone marrow cells or healthy human PBMCs using minimal cytokine combinations. Researchers evaluated the potential of adoptive transfer of such cells to control auto- and allo-immunity in the mouse. [PLoS One] Full Article

Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell-Mediated CD8 T Cell Priming Depends on Co-Inhibitory Signal Integration Over Time
Investigators showed that interaction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with naive CD8 T cells, which induces CD8 T cells without immediate effector function, is characterized by a multi-focal type immune synapse. [PLoS One] Full Article

Inhibition of STAT3 Activity Re-Activates Anti-Tumor Immunity but Fails to Restore the Immunogenicity of Tumor Cells in a B-Cell Lymphoma Model
A mouse model mimicked the disease entities of aggressive B-cell lymphoma dynamically to analyze the host anti-lymphoma immunity during the progression of lymphoma. Researchers have shown that STAT3 activity was gradually enhanced in host immune effector cells with the progression of lymphoma. [Cancer Biol Ther] Abstract

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Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR2F6 Acts as an Essential Gatekeeper of Th17 CD4⁺ T Cell Effector Functions
A CD4⁺ T cell intrinsic and non-redundant function of NR2F6 as a potent and selective repressor of the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 2, interferon γ, IL17 and IL21, and consequently of T helper (Th)17 CD4⁺ T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders has been discovered. [Cell Commun Signal]
Abstract | Full Article

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UC Researchers Say Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice May Help Humans
Investigators have found a therapy that reverses new onset Type 1 diabetes in mouse models and may advance efforts in combating the disease among humans. Researchers used an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT18, to boost the activity of TLR4 and reverse new onset diabetes in a high percentage of newly diabetic non-obese mice. [Press release from the University of Cincinnati discussing research presented at the American Diabetes Association’s 74^th Scientific Sessions, San Francisco] Press Release

Regular Exercise Beneficial in Suppressing Inflammation in Rheumatic Disease
Research findings suggest that exercise transiently suppresses local and systemic inflammation, reinforcing the beneficial effects of exercise and the need for this to be regular in order to achieve clinical efficacy in rheumatic disease. [Press release from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) presented at the 2014 EULAR Annual Congress, Paris] Press Release

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Inovio Pharmaceuticals Broadens Its Intellectual Property Portfolio from the University of Pennsylvania
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has expanded its existing license agreement with the University of Pennsylvania, adding exclusive worldwide rights to technology and intellectual property for novel synthetic therapies against cancer, infectious diseases and new immune activators. [Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Response Genetics Launches New Test for Cancer Immunotherapy Drug Development
Response Genetics, Inc. announced the availability of new testing capabilities to advance cancer immunotherapy clinical development. The Immuno-Oncology assay, which runs on HTG Molecular’s Edge System, is designed to measure the RNA expression of 26 commonly investigated immunotherapy related genes enabling screening for response to immunoregulatory pathways. [Response Genetics, Inc.]
Press Release

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

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NEW Scientist – Recombinant Molecules and Antibodies (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

NEW Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Signaling and Gene Expression in Immune Cells (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

Postdoctoral Position – Biology of Memory B Cells (Medical Research Council)

Postdoctoral Position – Cell Death and Inflammation (Inflammation Research Center – VIB-UGent)

Principal Investigator – Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation (Inflammation Research Center – VIB-UGent)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Microbiology and Immunology (McGill University)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Functional Cross-Talk between T Lymphocytes and NK Cells (Meharry Medical College School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Associate/Research Scientist – Macrophage Biology (Massachusetts Institute of Technology – MIT)

PhD Research Position – Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance and Autoimmunity (Weizmann Institute of Science)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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