Id2 and Id3 Maintain the Regulatory T Cell Pool to Suppress Inflammatory Disease Investigators showed that expression of Id2 and Id3 in regulatory T cells was required to suppress development of fatal inflammatory disease. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Non-Self Recognition by Monocytes Initiates Allograft Rejection Scientists demonstrate that danger signals associated with dying cells are not sufficient to initiate alloimmunity, but that recognition of allogeneic non-self by the innate immune system is required. [J Clin Invest] Full Article Recipient NK Cell Inactivation and Intestinal Barrier Loss Are Required for MHC-Matched Graft-versus-Host Disease Recipient natural killer (NK) cells prevented minor mismatch (major histocompatibility complex [MHC]-matched) graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) by limiting expansion and target organ infiltration of alloreactive T cells via a perforin-dependent mechanism, revealing an immunoregulatory function of MHC-matched recipient NK cells in GvHD. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract Androgens Alter T-Cell Immunity by Inhibiting T-Helper 1 Differentiation Investigators evaluated the effect of androgens on murine and human T cells in vivo and in vitro. They found that murine androgen deprivation in vivo elicited RNA expression patterns conducive to IFN signaling and T-cell differentiation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Specific for β2-Glycoprotein-I Domain-I, Attenuate Experimental Antiphospholipid Syndrome Scientists aimed to uncover the tolerance efficacy attributed to beta-2-glycoprotein-I (β2GPI) tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) or β2GPI domain-I and domain-V-tDCs in mice with antiphospholipid syndrome. [J Autoimmun] Abstract Trif-Dependent Induction of Th17 Immunity by Lung Dendritic Cells Researchers identified novel roles of the adaptor protein TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β) in neutrophilic responses to inhaled allergens. In different mouse models of asthma, Trif-deficient animals had marked reductions in interleukin-17, airway neutrophils, and airway hyperresponsiveness compared with wild-type mice, whereas airway eosinophils were generally similar in these two strains. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Regulatory T Cells Influence Blood Flow Recovery in Experimental Hindlimb Ischemia in an IL-10 Dependent Manner Researchers hypothesized that adoptive regulatory T cell transfer and depletion influences reestablishment of flow in a hindlimb ischemia model and that this effect is mediated by the cytokine IL-10. [Cardiovasc Res] Abstract Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Modulates αβTCR Processing and Surface Expression during Thymocyte Development Scientists found that deletion of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 component rictor at early stages of T cell development led to aberrant maturation and increased proteasomal degradation of nascent TCRs. Although CD127 expression became elevated, the levels of TCRs as well as CD4, CD8, CD69, Notch, and CD147 were significantly attenuated on the surface of rictor-deficient thymocytes. [J Immunol] Abstract Hepatocytes Induce Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells by Notch Signaling Investigators showed that murine hepatocytes (HCs) induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within CD4+ T cells in vitro, which increased in the presence of TGF-β. A further Foxp3+ Treg expansion was observed if HCs were isolated from regenerated livers. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract Distinct Spatial Distribution of Microglia and Macrophages following Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation in Mouse Brain Although Iba1+ CX3CR1+ myeloid cells are considered to be of resident microglial origin, Iba1+ CX3CR1− myeloid cells are most likely of peripheral monocyte/macrophage origin. In order to confirm the latter, researchers performed mesenchymal stem cell-blue fluorescent protein grafting experiments in the central nervous system of eGFP+ bone marrow chimeric C57BL/6 mice. [Immunol Cell Biol] Full Article |