The Alarmin IL-33 Promotes Regulatory T-Cell Function in the Intestine Researchers showed in mice that the interleukin (IL)-33 receptor ST2 is preferentially expressed on colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells, where it promotes Treg function and adaptation to the inflammatory environment. [Nature] Abstract Functional Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Tumor-Derived Lactic Acid Investigators show that lactic acid produced by tumor cells, as a by-product of aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, has a critical function in signaling through inducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. [Nature] Abstract Immunoglobulin E Signal Inhibition during Allergen Ingestion Leads to Reversal of Established Food Allergy and Induction of Regulatory T Cells By using mice harboring a disinhibited form of the IL-4 receptor, investigators developed an adjuvant-free model of peanut allergy. Mast cells and immunoglobulin E were required for induction of antibody and T helper 2-cell-mediated responses to peanut ingestion and they impaired regulatory T cell induction. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Transcriptomics Identified a Critical Role for Th2 Cell-Intrinsic miR-155 in Mediating Allergy and Antihelminth Immunity To identify targets in pathogenic Th2 cells, researchers took a comprehensive approach to identify the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA transcriptome of highly purified cytokine-expressing Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Treg cells both generated in vitro and isolated ex vivo from allergy, infection, and autoimmune disease models. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Single Dose of Autologous Apoptotic Cells Preceding Transplantation Significantly Enhances Survival in Lethal Murine Graft versus Host Models Scientists demonstrate that the use of extracorporeal photopheresis as a prophylaxis prior to conditioning significantly improves survival after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by inhibiting the initiation phase of acute GvHD in a murine BMT model. [Blood] Abstract Regulatory T Cells Prevent Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice To test the hypothesis that adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells may dose-dependently inhibit the formation of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E knockout mice, scientists established an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm by angiotensin II infusion in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. [Hypertension] Abstract A Dystrophic Muscle Broadens the Contribution and Activation of Immune Cells Reacting to rAAV Gene Transfer Investigators compared dystrophic mice devoid of α-sarcoglycan with healthy mice to characterize immune cell activation and cellular populations contributing to the loss of gene-modified myofibers. Following recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)2/1 delivery of an immunogenic α-sarcoglycan reporter transgene in the muscle, both strains developed strong CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated immune responses in lymphoid organs associated with muscle CD3+ T and CD11b+ mononuclear cell infiltrates. [Gene Ther] Full Article Aberrant Innate Immune Activation following Tissue Injury Impairs Pancreatic Regeneration Scientists used a combination of genetically modified mice, immunological blockade and cellular characterization to identify the immune cells that impact pancreatic regeneration in an in vivo model of pancreatitis. They identified the innate inflammatory response of macrophages and neutrophils as regulators of pancreatic regeneration. [PLoS One] Full Article The Activating Effect of IFN-γ on Monocytes/Macrophages Is Regulated by the LIF-Trophoblast-IL-10 Axis via Stat1 Inhibition and Stat3 Activation Because interferon (IFN)-γ induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages and because trophoblast cells are principal targets of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the placenta, scientists investigated whether and how soluble factors from trophoblast cells regulate the effects of IFN-γ on macrophage activation. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |