Bone-Marrow-Resident NK Cells Prime Monocytes for Regulatory Function during Infection Scientists showed that during acute gastrointestinal infection, priming of monocytes for regulatory function preceded systemic inflammation and was initiated prior to bone marrow egress. Notably, natural killer (NK) cell-derived IFN-γ promoted a regulatory program in monocyte progenitors during development. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Associated Liver and Kidney Disease Researchers investigated the therapeutic potential of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and a synthetic 15(R)-Benzo-LXA4-analog as interventions in a three-month high-fat diet-induced obesity model. LXA4 decreased obesity-induced adipose inflammation, attenuating TNF-α and CD11c+ M1-macrophages (MΦs), while restoring CD206+ M2-MΦs and increasing Annexin-A1. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Active Targeting of Chemotherapy to Disseminated Tumors Using Nanoparticle-Carrying T Cells In a murine model of disseminated lymphoma, researchers expanded autologous polyclonal T cells ex vivo under conditions that retained homing receptors mirroring lymphoma cells, and functionalized these T cells to carry SN-38–loaded nanocapsules on their surfaces. Nanocapsule-functionalized T cells were resistant to SN-38 but mediated efficient killing of lymphoma cells in vitro. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract CCL2-Induced Chemokine Cascade Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis by Enhancing Retention of Metastasis-Associated Macrophages Scientists demonstrated that, through activation of the CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) receptor CCR2, recruited metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) secreted another chemokine ligand CCL3. Genetic deletion of CCL3 or its receptor CCR1 in macrophages reduced the number of lung metastasis foci, as well as the number of MAMs accumulated in tumor-challenged lung in mice. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Press Release Inflammation Negatively Regulates FOXP3 and Regulatory T-Cell Function via DBC1 The authors report that Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a key subunit of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) complex. Treg cells from Dcb1-deficient mice were more resistant to inflammation-mediated abrogation of Foxp3 expression and function and delayed the onset and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis in mice. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Focusing and Sustaining the Antitumor CTL Effector Killer Response by Agonist Anti-CD137 mAb The marked synergistic effects of adoptive T cell and agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal Ab (mAbs) therapies were studied, providing in vivo evidence for improved, more sustained and focused tumoricidal functions of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) when under the influence of CD137-targeted pharmacological stimulation with immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Immunosuppressive Potential of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells in the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Scientists investigated the immunoregulatory effects of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) as a potential therapy in a multiple sclerosis-like disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, in mice. In vitro, hAECs suppressed both specific and non-specific T cell proliferation, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and inhibited the activation of stimulated T cells. [J Neuroinflammation] Full Article Relevance of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells for Early and Late Phases of Murine Sepsis To specifically evaluate the role of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the early and late phases of sepsis, investigators induced sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture and subsequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in a DEREG mouse model. They found an increase of Foxp3+ Tregs to all CD4+ T cells during murine sepsis. [Immunology] Abstract Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |