Control of Signaling-Mediated Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by the Tumor Suppressor p53 Researchers identified a postapoptotic target gene of p53, death domain1α (DD1α), that is responsive to genotoxic stresses and expressed in immune cells. DD1α appeared to function as an immunoregulator of T cell tolerance. They hypothesized that p53 controls signaling-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells through its target, DD1α. [Science] Abstract Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Fine-Tunes Immune Homeostasis in Atherosclerosis and Colitis through Repression of Interleukin-10 Production Investigators showed that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) activity sustains an immunostimulatory potential through inhibition of interleukin (Il)10. The resistance of Ido1-deficient mice to enhanced immune activation is broken in Ido1/Il10 double-deficient mice, which show exaggerated immune responses and develop severe spontaneous colitis. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Results of a Preclinical Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial (pRCT): Anti-CD49d Treatment for Acute Brain Ischemia Anti-CD49d antibodies, which inhibit the migration of leukocytes into the brain, were previously investigated in experimental stroke models by individual laboratories. To confirm the preclinical results and to test the feasibility of conducting a pRCT, six independent European research centers investigated the efficacy of anti-CD49d antibodies in two distinct mouse models of stroke in a centrally coordinated, randomized, and blinded approach. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract CD163 Interacts with TWEAK to Regulate Tissue Regeneration after Ischemic Injury Scientists showed that during ischemia, soluble CD163 functions as a decoy receptor for TWEAK, a secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor family, to regulate TWEAK-induced activation of canonical nuclear factor-κB and Notch signaling necessary for myogenic progenitor cell proliferation. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release Obesity Drives Th17 Cell Differentiation by Inducing the Lipid Metabolic Kinase, ACC1 Researchers performed transcriptional profiling of memory phenotype CD4 T cells in high-fat-fed mice and identified acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1, the gene product of Acaca) as an essential regulator of Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and of the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in vivo. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Neutrophils Regulate Humoral Autoimmunity by Restricting Interferon-γ Production via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Researchers examined the mechanism by which plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I interferons promote humoral autoimmunity. In an amyloid-induced experimental autoimmune model, neutrophil depletion enhanced anti-nuclear antibody development, which correlated with heightened IFN-γ production by natural killer cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Regulatory T-Cell Depletion in the Gut Caused by Integrin β7 Deficiency Exacerbates DSS Colitis by Evoking Aberrant Innate Immunity Scientists showed that integrin β7 deficiency results in colonic regulatory T cell depletion and exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis by evoking aberrant innate immunity. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Non-Classical MHC I-E Negatively Regulates Macrophage Activation and Th17 Cell Development in NOD Mice Scientists showed that transgenic expression of I-Ek alpha 16 molecule in NOD mice selectively reduced Th17 cells in the thymus and pancreatic draining lymph nodes. The reduction in Th17 cells was associated with both attenuated IL-6 production and decreased activation of macrophages. [Sci Rep] Full Article A Novel Role of Numb as A Regulator of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages in Response to Toll-Like Receptor 4 The role of Numb as a regulator of inflammatory responses in macrophages was investigated. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, in which expression of Numb was silenced, secreted significantly less TNFα, IL-6 and IL-12 and more IL-10 upon activation by lipopolysaccharide, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4, despite increased Notch signaling. [Sci Rep] Full Article Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |