Immune Regulation News Volume 7.40 | Oct 23 2015

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    Immune Regulation News 7.40 October 23, 2015

    Immune Regulation News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    A Subpopulation of White Blood Cells Guards against Tumor Lung Metastasis
    Scientists showed that patrolling monocytes may play an anti-cancer role, particularly in the lung. They tracked the wanderings of these cells in the lung vasculature, filmed them pursuing invading tumor cells, and employed a mouse model that they developed to demonstrate how effective this pursuit is in a living animal. [Press release from the La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology discussing online prepublication in Science] Press Release | Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    Selective Inhibition of the p38 Alternative Activation Pathway in Infiltrating T Cells Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression
    Researchers showed that the growth of mouse pancreatic tumors was inhibited by genetic ablation of the alternative p38 pathway, and transfer of wild-type CD4+ T cells, but not those lacking the alternative pathway, enhanced tumor growth in T cell–deficient mice. [Nat Med] Abstract

    Hair Follicle–Derived IL-7 and IL-15 Mediate Skin-Resident Memory T Cell Homeostasis and Lymphoma
    Scientists demonstrated that CD4+ and CD8+ skin-resident memory T cells (TRM cells), which are responsible for long-term skin immunity, reside predominantly within the hair follicle epithelium of the unperturbed epidermis. Hair follicle expression of IL-15 was required for CD8+ TRM cells, and IL-7 for CD8+ and CD4+ TRM cells, to exert epidermotropism. [Nat Med] Abstract

    Dietary Fatty Acids Directly Impact Central Nervous System Autoimmunity via the Small Intestine
    Investigators report that long-chain fatty acids (FAs) enhanced differentiation and proliferation of T helper 1 (Th1) and/or Th17 cells and impaired their intestinal sequestration via p38-MAPK pathway. Alternatively, dietary short-chain FAs expanded gut T regulatory cells by suppression of the JNK1 and p38 pathway. [Immunity] Full Article | Press Release

    Leptin Deficiency Shifts Mast Cells toward Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Protects Mice from Obesity and Diabetes by Polarizing M2 Macrophages
    Mechanistic studies showed that leptin-deficient mast cells polarize macrophages from M1 to M2 functions because of impaired cell signaling and an altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, but do not affect T cell differentiation. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

    Oct1 and OCA-B Are Selectively Required for CD4 Memory T Cell Function
    Scientists found that the transcription factor Oct1 and its cofactor OCA-B are selectively required for the in vivo generation of CD4+ memory T cells. More importantly, the memory cells that are formed do not respond properly to antigen reencounter. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Press Release

    BAX Inhibitor-1 Is a Ca2+ Channel Critically Important for Immune Cell Function and Survival
    Researchers suggest that BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) inhibitor-1 has a major role in the functioning of the adaptive immune system by regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in lymphocytes. [Cell Death Differ] Abstract

    Apoptosis of Tumor Infiltrating Effector TIM-3+CD8+ T Cells in Colon Cancer
    The authors report apoptosis of IFN-γ competent TIM-3+ population of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in colon cancer. Both the TIM-3+ and TIM-3 cancer tissue-resident CD8+ T cells secrete IFN-γ of comparable levels, although apoptotic cells are more in TIM-3+ compared to TIM-3 population. [Sci Rep] Full Article

    Systemic IL-12 Burst Expands Intestinal T Lymphocyte Subsets Bearing the α4β7 Integrin in Mice
    Using hydrodynamic shear of IL-12 cDNA to achieve systemic expression of IL-12 in mice, scientists evaluated the effect of a transient burst of this cytokine on the activation status of T cells from Peyer’s patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and colonic lamina propria. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

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    REVIEWS
    T Regulatory (Treg) and T Helper 17 (Th17) Lymphocytes in Thyroid Autoimmunity
    Both Treg and Th17 cells must be considered as key elements in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases as well as plausible potential targets for the next generation of therapeutic options of this condition. [Endocrine] Abstract

    Heterogeneity and Diversity of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells: New Cells on the Block
    Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) might cooperate with other cells directly or indirectly, and subsequently ILC3s have impact on tissues with prompt regulation. The author summarizes and discusses the roles, function and heterogeneity of ILC3s in mucosal tissues. [Int Immunol] Full Article

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the Immune Regulation research field.

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    INDUSTRY NEWS
    AstraZeneca and Lilly Expand Immuno-Oncology Research Collaboration with New Combinations
    AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly and Company announced an extension to their existing immuno-oncology collaboration exploring novel combination therapies for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. [AstraZeneca] Press Release

    Novartis Broadens Immuno-Oncology Pipeline with Acquisition of Admune Therapeutics and Licensing Agreements with XOMA and Palobiofarma
    Novartis announced that it is broadening its portfolio of cancer immunotherapies with the acquisition of Admune Therapeutics and licensing agreements with Palobiofarma and XOMA Corporation. [Novartis AG] Press Release

    Kennedy Professor Awarded Major Funding for Immunology Research
    Professor Michael Dustin, Director of Research at the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology has been awarded two major grants this week, one from the European Research Council and the other from the Human Frontier Science Program. [Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology] Press Release

    Cold Genesys Announces FDA Acceptance of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial Using CG0070 plus an Anti-CTLA-4 Checkpoint Inhibitor as a Neo-Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
    Cold Genesys, Inc. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted a Phase I/II clinical trial using CG0070 plus an anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor as a neo-adjuvant immunotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. [Cold Genesys, Inc. (Business Wire)] Press Release

    UofL Researchers Awarded Patents for Innovations to Improve Cancer Treatments, Bone Grafts and Therapies for Spinal Cord Damage
    Technologies to improve bone grafts and cancer immunotherapies, protect lung tissue during radiation treatment, reverse neurological damage and improve recovery from spinal cord injury are among the patents issued to the University of Louisville Research Foundation recently. [University of Louisville School of Medicine] Press Release

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    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW 10th International Congress on Autoimmunity
    April 6-10, 2016
    Leipzig, Germany

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the Immune Regulation community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Faculty Positions – Tumor Immunology (NYU Langone Medical Center)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Metastatic Breast Cancer (Purdue University Center for Cancer Research)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technische Universitat Munchen)

    Research Scientist – Tumor Immunology (iTeos Therapeutics)

    Project Manager – Manufacturing (Qu Biologics)

    Postdoctoral Research Fellow/Research Scientist – Biotechnology (Qu Biologics)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Biology (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

    Professor – Immunology (La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology)

    Canadian Research Chair Tier 1 – Systems Immunology (University of Manitoba)

    Scientist Position – Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in the Context of Tissue Regeneration (KU Leuven)

    Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Shanghai Institute of Immunology)


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