Cancer Immunosurveillance by Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells and Innate-Like T Cells Researchers showed that cell transformation triggers a tissue-resident lymphocyte response in oncogene-induced murine cancer models. Non-circulating cytotoxic lymphocytes, derived from innate, T cell receptor (TCR)αβ, and TCRγδ lineages, expand in early tumors. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade Reduces Pathology and Improves Memory in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Using mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, investigators showed that immune checkpoint blockade directed against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway evokes an interferon-γ–dependent systemic immune response, which is followed by the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the brain. [Nat Med] Abstract | Editorial Autophagy Enforces Functional Integrity of Regulatory T Cells by Coupling Environmental Cues and Metabolic Homeostasis Investigators showed that autophagy is active in regulatory T (Treg) cells and supports their lineage stability and survival fitness. Treg cell–specific deletion of Atg7 or Atg5, two essential genes in autophagy, leads to loss of Treg cells, greater tumor resistance and development of inflammatory disorders. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Epigenetic Regulation of the Expression of Il12 and Il23 and Autoimmune Inflammation by the Deubiquitinase Trabid Deletion of Zranb1 (which encodes Trabid) in dendritic cells inhibited induction of the expression of Il12 and Il23 by Toll-like receptors, which impaired the differentiation of inflammatory T cells and protected mice from autoimmune inflammation. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release MHC-Compatible Bone Marrow Stromal/Stem Cells Trigger Fibrosis by Activating Host T Cells in a Scleroderma Mouse Model Researchers showed that transplantation of MHC compatible, minor antigen mismatched bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) play a role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. T cells proliferated and secreted IL-6 when stimulated with mismatched BMSCs in vitro. [eLife] Full Article Diversity of the CD4 T Cell Alloresponse: The Short and the Long of It Investigators report that direct-pathway CD4 T cell alloresponses, as well as indirect-pathway responses against MHC class II alloantigen, are curtailed by rapid elimination of donor hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Overlapping Signatures of Chronic Pain in the DNA Methylation Landscape of Prefrontal Cortex and Peripheral T Cells Researchers tested the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and the immune system are associated with chronic pain. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Press Release Species-Dependent Role of Type I IFNs and IL-12 in the CTL Response Induced by Humanized CpG Complexed with β-Glucan Investigators elucidated the cellular immunological mechanisms by which K3-SPG induce such potent CD8+ T-cell responses to co-administered antigen. By focusing on two DC subsets, plasmacytoid DCs and CD8α+ DCs, as well as the secreted cytokines, IFN-α and IL-12, they found that a nano-particulate complex between CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and mushroom derived β-glucan schizophyllan strongly activates mouse plasmacytoid DCs to secrete IFN-α and CD8α+ DCs to secrete IL-12 respectively. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract Vaccination with a Co-Expression DNA Plasmid Containing GAD65 Fragment Gene and IL-10 Gene Induces Regulatory CD4+ T Cells that Prevent Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes Scientists explored the potential mechanisms of an optimized co-expression DNA vaccine containing GAD65 fragment gene and IL-10 gene (SGAD65190-315/IL-10) diabetes-preventive effect in non-obese diabetic mice. Their data suggested that SGAD65190-315/IL-10 DNA vaccine had protective effects on type 1 diabetes by up-regulating autoantigen-reactive regulatory T cells. [Diabetes Metab Res Rev] Abstract Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News! |