Immune Regulation News Volume 8.05 | Feb 12 2016

Immunogenic Chemotherapy Sensitizes Tumors to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Using lung adenocarcinoma mouse models, researchers showed that autochthonous tumors that lacked T cell infiltration and resisted current treatment options could be successfully sensitized to host antitumor T cell immunity when appropriately selected immunogenic drugs were used. [Immunity]
Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Apoptotic Epithelial Cells Control the Abundance of T_reg Cells at Barrier Surfaces
The authors found that apoptotic epithelial cells negatively regulated the commensal-stimulated proliferation of regulatory T (T_reg) cells. Gut commensals stimulated CX3CR1⁺CD103⁻CD11b⁺ dendritic cells to produce interferon-β, which augmented the proliferation of T_reg cells in the intestine. [Nat Immunol]
Abstract

Neutrophils Orchestrate Post-Myocardial Infarction Healing by Polarizing Macrophages towards a Reparative Phenotype
Scientists showed that neutrophil-depleted mice subjected to myocardial infarction had worsened cardiac function, increased fibrosis, and progressively developed heart failure. They identified neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the neutrophil secretome as a key inducer of macrophages with high capacity to engulf apoptotic cells. [Eur Heart J] Abstract | Press Release

Endomucin Prevents Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Has a Critical Role under Resting and Inflammatory Conditions
Scientists showed that endomucin abrogation on quiescent endothelial cells enabled neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

NLRC5 Shields T Lymphocytes from NK-Cell-Mediated Elimination under Inflammatory Conditions
Using T-cell-specific Nlrc5-deficient mice, researchers showed that NK cells surprisingly break tolerance even towards ‘self’ Nlrc5-deficient T cells under inflammatory conditions. [Nat Commun] Full Article

CD44⁺ Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress T Cell-Mediated Immunity by Selective Constitutive and Inducible Expression of PD-L1
Using primary human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck tumor samples and patient-derived xenografts, the authors examined the phenotypes of subsets of tumor cells and investigated mechanisms regulating their immunogenicity. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract | Press Release

Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Bcl6-Controlled Regulatory Networks during T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation
Researchers defined B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (Bcl6) target genes in T follicular helper cells by analyzing genome-wide Bcl6 occupancy together with transcriptome profiling. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Satb1 Overexpression Drives Tumor-Promoting Activities in Cancer-Associated Dendritic Cells
Using a conditional knockout mouse, researchers found that special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (Satb1) is required for normal differentiation of conventional dendritic cells. [Cell Rep]
Full Article | Graphical Abstract

mTOR Masters Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Mice with Allografts or Tumors
Rapamycin significantly decreased the cell number and the immunosuppressive ability on T cells of CD11b⁺ Ly6C^high monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in both allo-grafts-transplanted and tumor-bearing mice respectively. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Trans-Presentation of Interleukin-15 by Interleukin-15 Receptor Alpha Is Dispensable for the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes
Investigators showed that interleukin-15 (IL-15), but not IL-15 receptor α, is required for the development of spontaneous and virus-induced type 1 diabetes, viral clearance and for antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T lymphocytes. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Don’t forget to subscribe to Human Immunology News and Immunology of Infectious Disease News!

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Regeneron Joins Human Vaccines Project to Improve Global Disease Prevention and Treatment
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that it has joined the Human Vaccines Project, a public-private partnership to help discover and develop new vaccines and immunotherapies for infectious diseases and cancer. [Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.] Press Release

Immune Design Announces Positive Topline Data from Three Phase I Clinical Trials of Immuno-Oncology Product Candidates
Immune Design reported positive topline data from three ongoing Phase I oncology studies that support continued development of its two primary in vivo immuno-oncology product candidates, CMB305 and G100. [Immune Design] Press Release

Myasthenia Gravis: CuraVac Launches Phase Ib Study in Patients
CuraVac Inc. announced that it has launched a Phase Ib study of its lead program, CVMG01. CV-MG01 is an immunotherapy developed for the treatment and potential cure of myasthenia gravis, a debilitating autoimmune disease. [CuraVac Inc.] Press Release

From our sponsor: Free Nature Reviews Immunology poster – Immune Response to HIV. Request a copy.

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

European Medicines Agency (European Union)

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the immune regulation community.

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Positions – Innate Immunity and Autoimmunity (UT Southwestern Medical Center)

Faculty Positions – Immunology (University of Texas Health Science Center)

Senior Scientist – Immunology (Bavarian Nordic GmbH)

Research Associate – Treg Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (University College London)

Research Associate – T Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies (University College London)

Assistant or Associate Professor – Immunity and Tolerance (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cell Therapy (Toronto Western Hospital)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Indiana University)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach more than 60,000 potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.