Immune Regulation News Volume 8.34 | Sep 16 2016

TOP STORY

Dying Tumor Cells Release Intracellular Ions in a Last-Ditch Attempt to Block the Immune System

Researchers have discovered how a mineral ion leaked from tumor tissue as it dies acts to stop the work of anti-tumor immune cells. This discovery provides a new approach in the development of treatments to engage the immune system in the fight against cancer. [Press release from the Babraham Institute discussing online prepublication in Nature] Press Release | Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Enhanced T Cell Responses to IL-6 in Type 1 Diabetes Are Associated with Early Clinical Disease and Increased IL-6 Receptor Expression

Scientists showed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT1 responses to interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly enhanced in CD4 and CD8 T cells from individuals with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

Response to Programmed Cell Death-1 Blockade in a Murine Melanoma Syngeneic Model Requires Costimulation, CD4, and CD8 T cells

To better understand how programmed cell death protein 1 blockade therapy modulates the tumor-host interactions, the authors evaluated three syngeneic murine tumor models, the BRAFV600E-driven YUMM1.1 and YUMM2.1 melanomas, and the carcinogen-induced murine colon adenocarcinoma MC38. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract

TNFR2 Expression by CD4 Effector T Cells Is Required to Induce Full-Fledged Experimental Colitis

To define the role of TNFR2 in the pathogenic CD4 T cells, the authors compared the effect of transferred naïve CD4 cells from WT mice and TNFR2^−/− mice into Rag 1^−/− recipients. Transfer of TNFR2-deficient effector T cells (Teffs) failed to induce full-fledged colitis, unlike WT Teffs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Imprinting of Skin/Inflammation Homing in CD4⁺ T Cells Is Controlled by DNA Methylation within the Fucosyltransferase 7 Gene

Scientists examined the transcriptional regulation of fucosyltransferase 7 (FUT7), an enzyme crucial for generation of the glycosylated E- and P-ligs. They found that high expression of the coding gene fut7 in murine CD4⁺ T cells correlates with DNA demethylation within a minimal promoter in skin/inflammation-seeking effector memory T cells. [J Immunol] Abstract

IFN-β Facilitates Neuroantigen-Dependent Induction of CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T Cells that Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

IFN-β + neuroantigen in Alum vaccination elicited elevated numbers and percentages of FOXP3⁺ T cells in blood and secondary lymphoid organs in 2D2 MOG-specific transgenic mice, and repeated boosters facilitated generation of activated CD44^high CD25⁺ regulatory T cell populations. [J Immunol] Abstract

Sinomenine Induces the Generation of Intestinal Treg Cells and Attenuates Arthritis via Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Researchers assessed the effect of sinomenine on the generation and function of regulatory T-cells (Treg) cells in autoimmune arthritis, and the underlying mechanisms in view of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The proportions of Treg cells and IL-17-producing T-cells differentiated from naive T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. [Lab Invest] Abstract

Deficiency of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Aggravates Colitogenic Potential of Adoptively Transferred Effector T Cells

Scientists investigated the colitogenic capacity of Scd1KO effector T cells by employing the adoptive T-cell transfer colitis model. Splenic effector T-cells from age- and sex-matched WT and Scd1KO mice were isolated by FACS and intraperitoneally administered to Rag1KO mice, which were monitored for the development of colitis. [Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol] Abstract

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Deficiency Impairs Regulatory T Cell Functions: Possible Application in the Inhibition of Melanoma Tumor Growth in Mice

Investigators showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha deficiency impaired the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells on CD4⁺CD25⁻ and CD8⁺ T cell proliferation. [Biochimie] Abstract

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Induced Regulatory T Cells: Their Development, Stability, and Applications

The authors review the current knowledge on the development of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs), induced Tregs, and their roles and applications. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Janssen Receives CHMP Positive Opinion for STELARA^® (Ustekinumab) Recommending Approval for the Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease in the European Union

Janssen-Cilag International NV announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion recommending marketing authorization in the European Union for the use of STELARA^® for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies. [Janssen-Cilag International NV] Press Release

Celyad Completes the NKR-2 Phase I Trial with Successful Safety Follow-Up of the Fourth Dose Level

Celyad announced the successful completion of the 21-day safety follow-up of the last patient enrolled at the fourth dose level in its Phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and feasibility of its NKR-2 T-cell therapy – in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma patients. [Celyad] Press Release

Xencor Initiates Phase Ib Trial of Subcutaneous Formulation of XmAb7195

Xencor, Inc. announced that the first patient has been dosed in a Phase Ib multi-dose trial of subcutaneously administered XmAb^®7195, a potential treatment for allergic disease. [Xencor, Inc.] Press Release

NIH Aims to Beef Up Clinical Trial Design as Part of New Data Sharing Rules

Drug companies and academic researchers will have to step up their public reporting of clinical trial results under new federal policies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also laid out a new plan for submitting clinical trial proposals that aims to beef up the rigor of the studies. [Science Insider] Editorial

Europe Proposes Copyright Reform to Help Scientists Mine Research Papers

The European Commission has announced long-awaited plans to make it easier for researchers to harvest facts and data from research papers — by freeing the computer-aided activity from the shackles of copyright law. [Nature News] Editorial

Illusory Fears Must Not Stifle Chimera Research

After more than a decade of controversy, the United States is nudging towards approving research on human–animal embryos. The National Institutes of Health closed a month-long public consultation on ‘chimera research’, and is widely expected to lift a moratorium that forbids federal funding for such work. [Nature News] Editorial

Report Urges Trump, Clinton to Make Room for Science in the White House

A new report on how the next U.S. president should manage the nation’s science portfolio comes with an invisible sticker on its cover: Open and read immediately if Donald Trump is elected. [Science Insider] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposium: Inflammation-Driven Cancer: Mechanisms to Therapy
February 5-9, 2017
Keystone, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Opportunities – Immunology (Keck School of Medicine)

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Postdoctoral Research – Fellow Thymic and Immune Regeneration (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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