Immune Regulation News Volume 9.06 | Feb 17 2017

TOP STORY

T Regulatory Cells and Dendritic Cells Protect against Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury via IL-10

Using newly developed murine transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) models based on injection of anti-MHC class I antibodies, researchers found CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ T-regulatory cells and CD11c⁺ dendritic cells to be critical effectors that protect against TRALI. [Blood] Abstract

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Functional Genomics Analysis of Vitamin D Effects on CD4⁺ T Cells In Vivo in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Using transcriptome, methylome, and pathway analyses in CD4⁺ T cells, scientists showed that vitamin D affects multiple signaling and metabolic pathways critical for T-cell activation and differentiation into T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets in vivo. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

NFκB–Pim-1–Eomesodermin Axis Is Critical for Maintaining CD8 T-Cell Memory Quality

Investigators showed that in T cells transitioning to memory, the expression of high levels of Eomesodermin (Eomes) is not constitutive but rather requires a continuum of cell-intrinsic NFκB signaling. Failure to maintain NFκB signals after the peak of the response led to impaired Eomes expression and a defect in the maintenance of CD8 T-cell memory. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

BCR and Endosomal TLR Signals Synergize to Increase AID Expression and Establish Central B Cell Tolerance

Scientists showed that B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals synergize to elicit high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression in immature and transitional-1 B cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Human IDO-Competent, Long-Lived Immunoregulatory Dendritic Cells Induced by Intracellular Pathogen, and Their Fate in Humanized Mice

Researchers utilized Porphyromonas gingivalis mutant strains to show that pathogen-differentiated mDCs from primary human-monocytes display anti-apoptotic profile, exhibited by elevated phosphorylated-Foxo1, phosphorylated-Akt1, and decreased Bim-expression. [Sci Rep] Full Article

IL-10-Producing, ST2-Expressing Foxp3⁺ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions

The authors showed that Foxp3⁺ cells in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) and show high expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2, indicating that T regulatory cells in the inflamed brain maintain their suppressive function. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract

Thymus-Derived Treg Cell Development Is Regulated by C-Type-Lectin–Mediated BIC/miRNA155 Expression

Investigators showed that the C-type lectin receptor CD69 controls thymus-derived regulatory T cell (Treg) development and peripheral Treg homeostasis through the regulation of BIC/miR-155 and its target, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. [Mol Cell Biol] Abstract

The Therapeutic T-Cell Response Induced by Tumor Delivery of TNF and Melphalan Is Dependent on Early Triggering of Natural Killer and Dendritic Cells

The authors analyzed the role of natural killer cells and dendritic cells on two different murine tumor models: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma and C51 colon carcinoma, in which the combined treatment induces high and low rejection rates respectively. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

Transient Antibody Targeting of CD45RC Induces Transplant Tolerance and Potent Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells

Scientists showed that CD45RC is not expressed by CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ Foxp3⁺ Tregs, while CD45RA/RB/RO are. Transient administration of a monoclonal antibody targeting CD45RC in a rat cardiac allotransplantation model induced transplant tolerance associated with inhibition of allogeneic humoral responses but maintained primary and memory responses against cognate antigens. [JCI Insight] Full Article

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Multifaceted Roles of TRIM38 in Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses

The authors summarize recent advances that highlight the critical roles of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)38 in the regulation of proper innate immune and inflammatory responses. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

BTG and Society of Interventional Oncology to Explore Role of Minimally Invasive Therapies in Immuno-Oncology

BTG plc. announced a collaboration with the Society of Interventional Oncology to explore the role of interventional oncology alongside immuno-oncology. [BTG International Ltd.] Press Release

TapImmune Advances TPIV 200 Phase II Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Trial after Favorable DSMB Safety Review

TapImmune, Inc. announced its lead cancer vaccine candidate, TPIV 200, received a positive recommendation from an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) to continue dosing triple-negative breast cancer patients in an ongoing Phase II clinical trial. [TapImmune, Inc.] Press Release

Ebola Funding Surge Hides Falling Investment in Other Neglected Diseases

Global funding for research on neglected diseases — which include tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria — is at its lowest level since 2007, according to the annual G-FINDER investment report by Policy Cures, a health-policy analysis firm in Sydney, Australia. [Nature News] Editorial

The Turkish Paradox: Can Scientists Thrive in a State of Emergency?

Political upheaval threatens Turkey’s ambitious plans for research and development. [Nature News] Editorial

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Says a ‘Vaccine Safety’ Commission Is Still in the Works

The vocal vaccine critic Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is still talking with President Donald Trump’s administration about establishing a commission to look into vaccine safety, Kennedy said at a press conference held at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. [Science Insider] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposium: B Cells and T Follicular Helper Cells – Controlling Long-Lived Immunity
April 23-27, 2017
Whistler, Canada

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Research Investigator – Immuno-Oncology (Bristol-Meyers Squibb)

Scientist – Primary Cells (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation & Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Associate/Full Professor – Immunobioengineering (University of Toronto)

Research Assistant/Associate – Tuning the Immune Response in Tuberculosis (University College London)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center)

Scientist – Immunology (Moderna Therapeutics)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology)

PhD Position – Cell Signaling, Gene Regulation and Quantitative Biology (Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

Scientist Positions – Immunology (New York Blood Center)

Senior Scientist – (Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH)

Assistant Associate or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

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