Immune Regulation News 9.24 June 30, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYGerminal-Center Development of Memory B Cells Driven by IL-9 from Follicular Helper T Cells Scientists identified that germinal center (GC)-derived memory precursor cells (GC-MP) that had quit cycling and reached the G0 phase while in the GC, exhibited memory-associated phenotypes with signs of affinity maturation and localized toward the GC border. After being transferred into adoptive hosts, GC-MP cells reconstituted a secondary response like genuine memory B cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Tonic B-Cell Receptor Signaling in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma The authors used a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic modification to investigate B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in cell lines of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Three manipulations that altered BCR genes without affecting surface BCR levels showed that BCR signaling differs between the germinal center B-cell subtype, which was insensitive to BTK inhibition by ibrutinib, and the activated B-cell subtype. [Blood] Abstract Researchers elucidated the T cell response upon therapeutic vaccination in inducible transgenic mouse models in which variable percentages of antigen-expressing hepatocytes could be adjusted. Vaccination induced endogenous CD8 T cells could eliminate low antigen loads in liver but were functionally impaired if confronted with elevated antigen loads. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Graphical Abstract A TIM-3 Oligonucleotide Aptamer Enhances T Cell Functions and Potentiates Tumor Immunity in Mice Using a combined bead and cell-based SELEX protocol, investigators isolated nuclease-resistant oligonucleotide aptamer ligands that bind to cell-associated T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3) with high affinity and specificity. A trimeric form of the TIM-3 aptamer blocked the interaction of TIM-3 with Galectin-9, reduced cell death, enhanced survival, proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vitro. In tumor-bearing mice the aptamer delayed tumor growth as a monotherapy and synergized with the PD-1 antibody in prolonging the survival of the tumor bearing mice. [Mol Ther] Abstract Mechanistic Sharing between NK Cells in ABMR and Effector T Cells in TCMR The authors studied the similarity between soluble proteins and the transcripts induced in CD16a stimulated NK cells and TCR/CD3-stimulated T cells in vitro. Of 30 soluble mediators tested, CD16a-activated NK cells and CD3/TCR activated T cells produced the same limited set of five mediators—CCL3, CCL4, CSF2, IFNG, and TNF—and failed to produce 25 others. [Am J Transplant] Abstract Angiotensin II Synergizes with BAFF to Promote Atheroprotective Regulatory B Cells Researchers showed that chronic B cell depletion (Baffr deficiency) significantly reduces atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice infused with angiotensin II (AngII). While adoptive transfer of B cells in Apoe−/−/Baffr−/− mice reversed atheroprotection in the absence of AngII, infusion of AngII in B cell replenished Apoe−/−/Baffr−/− mice unexpectedly prevented the progression of atherosclerosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article Analyzing regulatory T cell (Treg) development, investigators identified a CD122+ subset within the CD25−Foxp3− precursor population, which gave rise to classical CD25+Foxp3− Treg precursors. Importantly, c-REL, but not IκBNS, controlled the generation of classical CD25+Foxp3− precursors via direct binding to the Cd25 locus. [J Immunol] Abstract Researchers specifically ablated Tcf1 long isoforms in mice, while retaining expression of Tcf1 short isoforms. During CD8+ T cell responses, Tcf1 long isoforms were dispensable for generating cytotoxic CD8+ effector T cells and maintaining memory CD8+ T cell pool size, but they contributed to optimal maturation of central memory CD8+ T cells and their optimal secondary expansion in a recall response. [J Immunol] Abstract Scientists explored the value of polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (PPC) for regulating the imbalance of T helper (Th) 17/regulatory T (Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HF), and HF plus PPC. At the end of 24 weeks, mice in the HF group had a higher frequency of intrahepatic Th17 cells, and a lower proportion of Treg cells compared with the ND group. [BMC Immunol] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
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REVIEWSMolecular Dissection of CD8+ T-Cell Dysfunction The authors detail recent advances in the annotation of the gene modules and the epigenetic landscape associated with T-cell dysfunction. They discuss the relevance of these findings for understanding the transcriptional and spatial regulation of dysfunctional T cells and for the design of therapeutics. [Trends Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSThe Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy recently announced six awards to support talented young researchers in cancer immunotherapy. The three programs will provide up to $3.46 million for 2017 awardees, as well as mentorship and access to resources, to help these young researchers advance the field and translate their discoveries to benefit cancer patients. [The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy] Press Release TapImmune, Inc. announced that it has enrolled 50% of the patients in its randomized Phase II clinical study of its novel T-cell vaccine candidate TPIV 200 for treating triple-negative breast cancer. [TapImmune, Inc.] Press Release Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission has approved BESPONSA® as monotherapy for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory CD22-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [Pfizer Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSPutin Tightens Control over Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian government has taken further steps to tighten its grip on the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Moscow. The State Duma—one of the two chambers of the Russian parliament—passed the first draft of a new law that would give president Vladimir Putin the final say in the elections for RAS’s presidency. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Vaccine Ruling from Europe’s Highest Court Isn’t as Crazy as Scientists Think The Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg handed down a judgment in a compensation case involving a French man who claimed that a vaccination for hepatitis B caused his multiple sclerosis. The ruling specifies what type of evidence is allowed in EU member states in such cases, but it prompted a flurry of negative press coverage. [Nature News] Editorial Scientists in Limbo as US Supreme Court Allows Modified Travel Ban The US Supreme Court has reinstated a limited version of President Donald Trump’s temporary order banning travelers from six Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States. The court will hear a legal challenge to the ban in October. The court’s decision casts doubt on the fate of students and scientists from these countries who hope to study or work in the United States. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (ACAAI) Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Fellow – T Cell Immunology (Karolinska Institutet) NEW Scientists/Senior Scientists – Unconventional T Cell Research (Immunocore) Postdoctoral Fellow – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Harvard Medical School) Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Immunogenomics (University of Oxford) Scientist – Neuroinflammation (University Health Network) Postdoctoral Fellow – Neuroimmunology (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) Immunologist – Brain Cancer (Columbia University) Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy (Weill Cornell Medicine) Scientist – Analytical Development (KBI Biopharma) Assistant Associate or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Immune Regulation News Volume 9.24 | Jun 30 2017