Immune Regulation News Volume 9.37 | Sep 29 2017

TOP STORY

Non-Coding Transcription Instructs Chromatin Folding and Compartmentalization to Dictate Enhancer-Promoter Communication and T Cell Fate

Investigators showed that in developing T cells, the Bcl11b enhancer repositioned from the lamina to the nuclear interior. The search for factors that relocalized the Bcl11b enhancer identified a non-coding RNA named thymocyte differentiation factor. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

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IL-12p35 Induces Expansion of IL-10 and IL-35-Expressing Regulatory B Cells and Ameliorates Autoimmune Disease

The authors showed that the IL-12p35 subunit has immunoregulatory functions hitherto attributed to interleukin 35 (IL-35). IL-12p35 suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, induced expansion of IL-10-expressing and IL-35-expressing B cells and ameliorated autoimmune uveitis in mice by antagonizing pathogenic Th17 responses. [Nat Commun] Full Article

TGFβR Signaling Controls CD103⁺CD11b⁺ Dendritic Cell Development in the Intestine

CD103⁺CD11b⁺ dendritic cells are unique to the intestine, but the factors governing their differentiation are unclear. Researchers showed that transforming growth factor receptor 1 has an indispensable, cell intrinsic role in the development of these cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Inflammatory Resolution Triggers a Prolonged Phase of Immune Suppression through COX-1/mPGES-1-Derived Prostaglandin E₂

Interferon γ upregulated microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) alongside cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) within macrophage populations, resulting in sustained prostaglandin E₂ biosynthesis. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Gene Therapy-Induced Antigen-Specific Tregs Inhibit Neuro-Inflammation and Reverse Disease in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Investigators showed that by harnessing the tolerogenic nature of the liver, a powerful gene immunotherapy restores immune tolerance by inducing functional myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Tregs in vivo, independent of major histocompatibility complex restrictions. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Positive-Feedback Loop between Tumor Infiltrating Activated Treg Cells and Type 2-Skewed Macrophages Is Essential for Progression of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue, accumulation of activated (aTreg) cells and M2 macrophages predicted a poor prognosis and were positively associated with each other. In vitro, aTreg cells were induced from CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells by cancer cell-activated M2-like macrophages. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promote Neuroblastoma via STAT3 Phosphorylation and Up-Regulation of c-MYC

In both murine and human neuroblastoma cells, the authors found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) increased STAT3 activation in neuroblastoma cells and transcriptionally up-regulated the MYC oncogene. Analysis of human neuroblastoma tumor specimens revealed that MYC up-regulation correlates with markers of TAM infiltration. [Oncotarget] Full Article

Differential Regulation of Effector and Regulatory T Cell Function by Blimp1

Using mice with Foxp3⁺ Treg-cell specific deletion of Blimp1 and other approaches, scientists showed that Foxp3⁺ Treg cell-intrinsic expression of Blimp1 is required to control Treg and effector cells homeostasis but, unexpectedly, it is dispensable to prevent development of severe spontaneous intestinal inflammation. [Sci Rep] Full Article

cAMP Levels in Lymphocytes and CD4⁺ Regulatory T Cell Functions Are Affected by Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms

Investigators examined, in venous blood samples from healthy volunteers, the relationship between the arbitrary dopaminergic receptor (DR) score and DR functional responses in human lymphocytes. [Immunology] Abstract

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The Dual Role of Treg in Cancer

Tregs represent a small subpopulation of CD4⁺ cells. Tregs are characterized by the expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein 3, also known as scurfin. Tregs are modulators of adaptive immune responses and play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, providing the suppression associated with tumor microenvironment as well. [Scand J Immunol] Abstract

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Siamab Therapeutics Presented New Data for Its Anti-STn Antibody Therapeutics Showing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Promising Cancer Immunotherapy Target

Siamab Therapeutics, Inc. announced it presented new preclinical data for its novel anti-Sialyl-Tn (STn) antibodies and antibody drug conjugates targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Press release from Siamab Therapeutics, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.) discussing research presented at Cambridge Healthtech Institute’s Inaugural Targeting Tumor Myeloid Cells Conference, Boston] Press Release

NANOBIOTIX Plans to Conduct Its First Clinical Trial with NBTXR3 in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the U.S.

NANOBIOTIX announced its intention to start a new trial in the company’s immuno-oncology program. The trial is aimed at expanding the potential of NBTXR3 to recurrent and metastatic disease. [NANOBIOTIX (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

BioLineRx Announces Initiation of Phase Ib/II Trial for BL-8040 in AML under Immunotherapy Collaboration

BioLineRx Ltd. announced the initiation of a Phase Ib/II trial for BL-8040 in combination with atezolizumab, an anti-PDL1 cancer immunotherapy from Genentech. [BioLineRx Ltd.] Press Release

Immune Pharmaceuticals Announces Positive Results from Ongoing Phase II Trial of Bertilimumab in Bullous Pemphigoid

Immune Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced preliminary results from the first six subjects enrolled in its ongoing, open-label Phase II study of bertilimumab in patients with moderate to severe bullous pemphigoid. [Immune Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Researchers Caught in Growing Rift over Catalan Independence

Scientists in Catalonia are feeling the ripples of a severe crisis as the region’s bid for independence from Spain comes to a head. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

French Government Proposes Big Science-Spending Boost

French research funding is set for a heartening increase in the country’s first budget under President Emmanuel Macron, if draft 2018 plans are voted into law. [Nature News] Editorial

How the Latest US Travel Ban Could Affect Science

Trump announced permanent travel restrictions on citizens of Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela and Yemen. That list includes five Muslim-majority countries that were targeted in the White House’s first and second travel bans, which Trump signed in January and March. Those policies, which were designed as temporary measures, have been limited by a series of federal court rulings. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 19^th Annual International Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology
October 23-26, 2017
Baltimore, Maryland, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (University of Rochester Medical Center)

Research Technologist – Immunotherapy (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (University of California, Los Angeles)

Research Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (Kymab Ltd)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Development of Immune System (Lund University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Georgia)

Postdoctoral Research Fellows – Systems Immunology (University of Oslo)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Regulation of Immune Responses (University of Iowa)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immune Signaling and Metabolism (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

Research Fellow Position – Immunology Research (ShanghaiTech University)

Mouse Scientist – T Cell-Based Therapy (Tessa Therapeutics Pte Ltd.)

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