Sprouty-2 Regulates HIV-Specific T Cell Polyfunctionality Findings indicate that increased sprouty-2 (SPRY2) expression during chronic viral infection reduces T cell polyfunctionality and identify SPRY2 as a potential target for immunotherapy. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Press Release Identification of IFN-γ-Producing Innate B Cells By challenging mice with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, vesicular stomatitis virus and Toll-like receptor ligands, the authors identified an inducible CD11ahiFcγRIIIhi B cell subpopulation that is significantly expanded and produces high levels of IFN-γ during the early stage of the immune response. [Cell Res] Full Article Protective CD8+ T-Cell Immunity to Human Malaria Induced by Chimpanzee Adenovirus-MVA Immunization Researchers demonstrated that a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector followed by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara booster induces exceptionally high frequency T-cell responses to the liver-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen ME-TRAP. [Nat Commun] Full Article Helicobacter pylori Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Impairs Human Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function through IL-10-Mediated Activation of STAT3 Scientists analyzed the effect of H. pylori infection on human dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function, focusing on the virulence factors implicated and signaling pathways involved. Their results reveal that cytotoxin-associated gene A is crucial for DC tolerization by modulating IL-10 secretion and, in turn, STAT3 phosphorylation, favoring a regulatory T cell immune response. [J Immunol] Abstract HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies that Inhibit HIV-1 Cell to Cell Transmission Investigators identified a subset of broadly neutralizing antibodies that inhibit both cell-free and cell-mediated infection in primary CD4+ lymphocytes. These antibodies target either the CD4-binding site or the glycan/V3 loop on HIV-1 gp120 and act at low concentrations by inhibiting multiple steps of viral cell to cell transmission. [J Exp Med] Abstract HIV-1 Tat Clade-Specific Cytokine Induction in Monocytes/Macrophages Is Not Evidenced in Total or V[gamma]9V[delta]2 T Lymphocytes Researchers investigated if Tat clades A-D can alter tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ production by total and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vitro. [AIDS] Abstract In Vivo Electroporation of Minicircle DNA as a Novel Method of Vaccine Delivery to Enhance HIV-1-Specific Immune Responses As a novel vaccine delivery system, scientists combined in vivo electroporation and the minicircle DNA carrying codon-optimized HIV-1 gag gene to evaluate the immunogenicity of this system. They found that minicircle-gag conferred persistent and high levels of gag expression in vitro and in vivo. [J Virol] Abstract Memory CD8+ T Cells Elicited by HIV-1 Lipopeptide Vaccines Display Similar Phenotypic Profiles but Differences in Term of Magnitude and Multifunctionality Compared with Influenza- or Epstein Barr Virus-Specific Memory T Cells in Humans Investigators fully characterized the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses induced in volunteers vaccinated with HIV lipopeptide vaccines for phenotypic markers, tetramer staining, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic activities. [Vaccine] Abstract Elevated CD57 and CD95 Expressions Are Associated with Lower Numbers of CD4+ Recent Thymic Emigrants in HIV-1 Infected Immune Responders following Antiretroviral Treatment The authors aimed understand how immune reconstitution through ART in HIV-1 infected patients affects CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (identified as CD31+ naïve T cells). They performed FACS analysis of CD4+ CD31+ naïve T cells from PBMCs in a cross-sectional age-matched cohort, including 25 healthy controls, 18 untreated HIV-1 infected viremic progressors, 10 untreated HIV-1 infected viral controllers, and 24 HIV-1 infected immune responders following ART. [Immunol Lett] Abstract
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