Type I Interferon Protects Antiviral CD8+ T Cells from NK Cell Cytotoxicity Using the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model system, investigators showed that interferon-I signaling on T cells prevented their rapid elimination in vivo. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract The Gammaherpesviruses KSHV and MHV68 Modulate the TLR-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Response Researchers have shown that the gammaherpesviruses MHV68 and KSHV efficiently downmodulate TLR signaling in macrophages and have identified a novel function of RTA/ORF50 in modulation of the innate immune response. [J Virol] Abstract | Press Release CD8+ TCR Transgenic Strains Expressing Public versus Private TCR Targeting the Respiratory Syncytial Virus KdM282-90 Epitope Demonstrate Similar Functional Profiles Researchers evaluated cells from T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice strains for three major functions of CD8+ T cells: proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vitro comparisons of the functional characteristics of T cells from the newly-generated mice demonstrated many similarities in their responsiveness to cognate antigen stimulation. [PLoS One] Full Article IL-12 Is Required for mTOR Regulation of Memory CTLs during Viral Infection Results revealed that rapamycin increased the generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vaccinia virus infection, and this enhancement was dependent upon the interleukin (IL)-12 signal. [Genes Immun] Abstract Inflammatory and Myeloid-Associated Gene Expression before and One Day after Infant Vaccination with MVA85A Correlates with Induction of a T Cell Response Previous work done in UK adults showed early inflammation in this population is not associated with a strong T cell response but that induction of regulatory pathways inversely correlates with the magnitude of the T cell response. This may be indicative of important mechanistic differences in how T cell responses develop in these two populations following vaccination with MVA85A. [BMC Infect Dis] Abstract | Full Article HIV Seamless Modification of Wild-Type Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to the Natural CCR5Δ32 Mutation Confers Resistance to HIV Infection Researchers differentiated modified induced pluripotent stem cells into monocytes/macrophages and demonstrated their resistance to HIV-1 challenge. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release Programmed Death-1 Expression on HIV-1 Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Shaped by Epitope Specificity, T-Cell Receptor Clonotype Usage and Antigen Load Scientists used an array of different human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*15:03 and HLA-B*42:01 tetramers to characterize inhibitory receptor expression as a function of differentiation on HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell populations (n=128) spanning 11 different epitope targets. [AIDS] Abstract HLA Class I Restricted CD8+ and Class II Restricted CD4+ T Cells Are Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Nevirapine Hypersensitivity Investigators sought to examine nevirapine (NVP) hypersensitivity phenotypes and their relationship with differing major histocompatibility complex Class I and Class II alleles and the associated CD4 and CD8 T cell NVP-specific responses and their durability over time. [AIDS] Abstract Plasma Interleukin-27 (IL-27) Levels Are Not Modulated in Patients with Chronic HIV-1 Infection Researchers examined the relationship between plasma IL-27 levels in a well-characterized cohort of HIV-1 infected patients. [PLoS One] Full Article Assessment of Chloroquine as a Modulator of Immune Activation to Improve CD4 Recovery in Immune Nonresponding HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Chloroquine (CQ), an anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits Toll-like receptor signaling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and may be beneficial for HIV-infected patients in whom immune activation persists despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The effect of CQ on CD4 T-cell recovery and immune activation in immune nonresponding patients receiving successful ART was studied. [HIV Med] Abstract Heading to ISSCR 2014 in Vancouver? Come Visit Connexon Creative at Booth #507 and Enter to Win $100 Amazon Gift Card! |