Modulation of HCV Replication after Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HCV/HIV Co-Infected Patients Investigators enrolled a small cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV co-infected patients into a combination antiretroviral therapy initiation trial and used dynamic modeling combined with evaluation of immune responses and microarray profiles to determine how effective treatment of HIV affects HCV. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release Interferon-γ-Producing B Cells Induce the Formation of Gastric Lymphoid Follicles after Helicobacter suis Infection Scientists demonstrate that the interferon-γ produced by B cells plays an important role in the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after H. suis infection. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Differential Requirement for the IKKβ/NF-κB Signaling Module in Regulating TLR- versus RIG-1-Like Receptor-Induced Type 1 IFN Expression in Dendritic Cells Scientists used IκB kinase β (IKKβ)/NF-κB inhibition and mice deficient in IKKβ or canonical NF-κB subunits to demonstrate that the IKKβ/NF-κB axis is critical for virus-induced type 1 IFN expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but not in conventional dendritic cells. [J Immunol] Abstract Regulatory T Cells and T-Cell-Derived IL-10 Interfere with Effective Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immune Response Researchers provide evidence that CD4+Foxp3+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as CD4+Foxp3−IL-10+-induced Tregs interfere with an effective anti-mouse cytomegalovirus immune response. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract HIV IFN-α Exerts Opposing Effects on Activation-Induced and IL-7-Induced Proliferation of T Cells That May Impair Homeostatic Maintenance of CD4+ T Cell Numbers in Treated HIV Infection To determine whether IFN-α is a cause of the T cell hyperactivation and IL-7 signaling pathway defects that are observed in some HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, scientists investigated the effect of IFN-α on the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from healthy donors and treated HIV+ donors. [J Immunol] Abstract Factors Associated with CD8+ T-Cell Activation in HIV-1-Infected Patients on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy CD8+ T-cell activation was analyzed on blood specimens from 833 HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy for ≥96 weeks with concurrent plasma HIV RNA ≤200 copies/mL. Factors associated with CD8+ T-cell activation were assessed using generalized estimating equations to incorporate longitudinal measurements. [J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr] Abstract Apoptosis of Antigen-Specific CTLs Contributes to Low Immune Response in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Post Vaccination Researchers vaccinated mice with an adenovirus vector that expressed the envelope gene from HIV and observed immune responses in the peripheral blood, spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches. [Vaccine] Abstract Immunological Profile of Periapical Endodontic Infections from HIV– and HIV+ Patients Investigators evaluated CD4+ CD28+ and CD8+ T cell genes and the gene expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-17A, IL-10, CCL-2/MCP-1, CCL-4, CCL-5, CXCR4, CCR5, and RANKL from cells in the periapical interstitial fluid from root canal infections in healthy patients and HIV positive individuals. [Int Endod J] Abstract Don’t forget to subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |