Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 2.37 | Sep 24 2014

Dissolving Microneedle Delivery of Nanoparticle Encapsulated Antigen Elicits Efficient Cross-Priming and Th1 Immune Responses by Murine Langerhans Cells
Scientists availed of polymeric dissolving microneedle (MN) arrays laden with nano-encapsulated antigen to specifically target skin dendritic cell (DC) networks. Following MN immunization, Langerhans cells constituted the major skin DC subset capable of cross-priming antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells ex vivo. [J Invest Dermatol] Abstract

Perinatal Listeria monocytogenes Susceptibility despite Preconceptual Priming and Maintenance of Pathogen-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells during Pregnancy
Researchers show that protection against secondary L. monocytogenes infection in non-pregnant mice is sharply moderated during allogeneic pregnancy because significantly more bacteria are recovered from maternal tissues, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Cellular Requirements for Systemic Control of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections in Mice
The authors address the contributions of different immune cell subsets and their ability to contribute to the control and clearance of the facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in a murine model. [Infect Immun] Abstract

HIV

Tissue Myeloid Cells in SIV-Infected Primates Acquire Viral DNA through Phagocytosis of Infected T Cells
The viral accessory protein Vpx, expressed by certain simian and human immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs and HIVs), is thought to improve viral infectivity of myeloid cells. Scientists infected 35 Asian macaques and African green monkeys with viruses that do or do not express Vpx and examined viral targeting of cells in vivo. [Immunity] Abstract

IL-23 Produced by Myeloid Dendritic Cells Contributes to T-Cell Dysfunction in HIV-1 Infection by Inducing SOCS1 Expression
The mechanism of myeloid dendritic cell (mDC)-mediated impaired T-cell function was investigated during HIV infection. HIV or gp120 were found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced mDC maturation and cause defects in allogeneic T-cell proliferation, IL-2 and IFNγ production and pSTAT1 expression. [J Infect Dis] Abstract

Recombination-Mediated Escape from Primary CD8⁺ T Cells in Acute HIV-1 Infection
A major immune evasion mechanism of HIV-1 is the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in and around T cell epitopes, resulting in loss of T cell recognition and virus escape. Scientists analyzed primary CD8⁺ T cell responses and virus escape in a HLA B*81 expressing subject who was infected with two transmitted/founder viruses from a single donor. [Retrovirology] Abstract | Full Article

Changes in Cellular Immune Activation and Memory T Cell Subsets in HIV-Infected Zambian Children Receiving HAART
HAART significantly reduced levels of immune activation and effector memory CD4⁺ T cells, and promoted reconstitution of naive T cells and IL-7Rα-expressing CD8⁺ T cells [J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr] Abstract

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Antibody B Cell Responses in HIV-1 Infection
The author discusses how an improved understanding of broadly neutralizing antibody generation may provide invaluable insight into the fundamental mechanisms governing adaptive B cell responses to viruses, and how this knowledge is currently contributing to the development of vaccine and therapeutic strategies against HIV-1. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

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MedImmune Receives Fast Track Designation from FDA for Development of MEDI3902 for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia
MedImmune announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track designation to the company’s investigational monoclonal antibody MEDI3902 for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [MedImmune, LLC] Press Release

T2 Biosystems Receives FDA Authorization to Market T2Candida and T2Dx for the Detection of Sepsis-Causing Pathogens
T2 Biosystems announced that it has received market authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its first two products, the T2Candida^® Panel and the T2Dx^® Instrument for the direct detection of Candida species in human whole blood specimens from patients with symptoms of, or medical conditions predisposing the patient to, invasive fungal infections. [T2 Biosystems, Inc.] Press Release

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PhD Studentship – Virology (Cardiff University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immune and Pathogenic Mechanisms during Alphavirus Infections (Singapore Immunology Network A*STAR)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunity and Pathogenesis (Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Pathogens and the Immune System (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology of Human Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

PhD Studentship – Immune Activation in Human Retroviral Pathologies (KU Leuven)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Microbiology and Immunology (University of Missouri)

PhD Candidate – Infection Biology and Immunology (ZIBI Graduate School Berlin)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Immuno-Virology (University of California)

Scientist – Recombinant Molecules and Antibodies (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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