Infiltrating Regulatory B Cells Control Neuroinflammation following Viral Brain Infection In vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken to elucidate the role of regulatory B cells in controlling neuroinflammation following viral brain infection. Scientists used multicolor flow cytometry to phenotype lymphocyte subpopulations infiltrating the brain, along with in vitro cocultures to assess their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles. [J Immunol] Abstract CD4 T Cells Specific for a Latency-Associated γ-Herpesvirus Epitope Are Polyfunctional and Cytotoxic Researchers exploited γHV68 infection of mice to enhance understanding of the CD4 T cell response during γ-herpesvirus infection. Using a consensus prediction approach, they identified 16 new CD4 epitope-specific responses that arise during lytic infection. [J Immunol] Abstract Lassa and Marburg Viruses Elicit Distinct Host Transcriptional Responses Early after Infection Investigators report a subset of host mRNAs, including heat-shock proteins like HSPA1B, immunoglobulins like IGJ, and cell adhesion molecules like SIGLEC1, whose differences in expression are strong enough to distinguish Lassa infection from Marburg infection in non-human primates. [BMC Genomics] Full Article | Press Release Adoptive Transfer of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Decreases Inhibitory and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Improves Survival in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis Eighty C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham or caecal ligation and puncture surgery. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were administered at six, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. After three days, researchers assessed serum indices of organ function, organ tissue histopathology, cytokine levels in the serum, PD-1 expression on T cells, regulatory T cell differentiation in the spleen, and the survival rate. [Immunology] Abstract HIV A Primary CD4+ T Cell Model of HIV-1 Latency Established after Activation through the T Cell Receptor and Subsequent Return to Quiescence The authors describe an ex vivo primary cell system that is generated under conditions that reflect the in vivo establishment of latency. This primary cell model can be used to perform drug screens, to study cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to HIV-1, to compare viral alleles or to expand the ex vivo life span of cells from HIV-1-infected individuals for extended study. [Nat Protoc] Abstract Gut Epithelial Barrier and Systemic Inflammation during Chronic HIV Infection A cross-sectional study was performed of antiretroviral therapy-suppressed, untreated HIV-infected, and seronegative participants consenting to gut biopsies and a blood draw. Neutrophil infiltration as a surrogate response to epithelial breach, colorectal epithelial proliferation as a measure of repair, and mucosal apoptosis by immunohistochemistry were determined in gut biopsies. [AIDS] Abstract Elevated Levels of Monocyte Activation Markers Are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Men Investigators assessed associations of serologic markers of monocyte activation, soluble CD163 and CD14, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, with subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. [J Infect Dis] Abstract Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial Reveals an Association of Nonspecific Interferon-γ Secretion with Increased HIV-1 Infection Risk: A Cohort-Based Modeling Study Scientists assessed pre-infection cellular immune responses measured at four weeks after a second vaccination to determine their roles in HIV-1 infection susceptibility among Step study male participants. [PLoS One] Full Article Apoptosis Pathways in HIV-1-Infected Patients before and after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Relevance to Immune Recovery HIV-1-infected patients were enrolled into a randomized, controlled study of the immune effects of a lopinavir/ritonavir-based versus an efaviren-based highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in antiretroviral-naive subjects with CD4+ counts <350 cells/mm3. [AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses] Abstract Don’t forget to subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |