Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 2.46 | Nov 26 2014

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    Immunology of Infectious Disease News 2.46 November 26, 2014

    Immunology of Infectious Disease News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    Masking HIV Target Cells Prevents Viral Transmission in Animal Model
    Cloaking immune cells with antibodies that block T cell trafficking to the gut can substantially reduce the risk of viral transmission in a non-human primate model of HIV infection. Researchers suggest that drugs that are already in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel diseases might be effective in the treatment or prevention of HIV infection. [Press release from Emory University discussing online prepublication in Nature Medicine]
    Press Release | Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    The Methyltransferase Setdb2 Mediates Virus-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Superinfection
    The authors report that Setdb2 was the only protein lysine methyltransferase induced during infection with influenza virus. Mice with a hypomorphic gene-trap construct of Setdb2 exhibited increased infiltration of neutrophils during sterile lung inflammation and were less sensitive to bacterial superinfection after infection with influenza virus. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release | Video

    Metformin as Adjunct Antituberculosis Therapy
    The antidiabetic drug metformin controls the growth of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, increases production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and facilitates phagosome-lysosome fusion. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

    Exosomes Secreted by Nematode Parasites Transfer Small RNAs to Mammalian Cells and Modulate Innate Immunity
    Scientists demonstrate that the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which infects mice, secretes vesicles containing microRNAs and Y RNAs as well as a nematode Argonaute protein. Administration of the nematode exosomes to mice suppresses Type 2 innate responses and eosinophilia induced by the allergen Alternaria. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

    Basophil-Mediated Protection against Gastrointestinal Helminths Requires IgE-Induced Cytokine Secretion
    Using mixed bone marrow chimeras, scientists found that activating Fc receptors on basophils were required for protective immunity but not for regulation of basophil homeostasis. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

    Actin Polymerization as a Key Innate Immune Effector Mechanism to Control Salmonella Infection
    The mechanism governing how inflammasomes mediate intracellular bacterial-killing and clearance in host macrophages remains unknown. Investigators show that actin polymerization is required for NLRC4-dependent regulation of intracellular bacterial burden, inflammasome assembly, pyroptosis, and IL-1β production. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release

    Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Based on the Envelope gH/gL Pentamer Complex
    The authors describe an innovative vaccine strategy to induce serum neutralizing antibodies of impressive magnitude against human Cytomegalovirus in two animal models. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article | Press Release

    Shed GP of Ebola Virus Triggers Immune Activation and Increased Vascular Permeability
    Researchers show that shed glycoprotein GP released from virus-infected cells binds and activates non-infected dendritic cells and macrophages causing the massive release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and also affects vascular permeability. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article | Editorial

    HIV

    Macrophage Infection via Selective Capture of HIV-1-Infected CD4+ T Cells
    Researchers find that macrophages selectively capture and engulf HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells leading to efficient macrophage infection. Infected T cells, both healthy and dead or dying, were taken up through viral envelope glycoprotein-receptor-independent interactions, implying a mechanism distinct from conventional virological synapse formation. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

    Natural Polymorphisms in Human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif Combine in Primary T Lymphocytes to Affect Viral G-to-A Mutation Levels and Infectivity
    Scientists demonstrate that stable/unstable phenotypes are an intrinsic property of endogenous APOBEC3H proteins in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and confer differential resistance to HIV-1 infection in a manner that depends on natural variation in the Vif protein of the infecting virus. [PLoS Genet] Full Article | Press Release

    HIV-1 Disease Progression to AIDS and Death in a Rural Ugandan Cohort Is Primarily Dependent on Viral Load Despite Variable Subtype and T-Cell Immune Activation Levels
    HIV-1 seroconverters from rural Uganda were evaluated to assess the effects of T-cell activation, viral load, and viral subtype on disease progression during clinical follow up. The frequency of activated T-cells was increased in HIV-1 infected Ugandans compared to community matched uninfected individuals, however there was no significant difference seen between viral subtypes. [J Infect Dis] Abstract

    Influence of the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Potential for Normalization of Immune Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1-Infected Individuals
    Researchers investigated the influence of the timing of antiretroviral therapy relative to human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection on normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts, AIDS risk, and immune function. [JAMA Intern Med] Abstract | Editorial | Press Release

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    Free Nature Reviews Immunology Poster: The Immune Response to HIV

     
    REVIEWS
    Contribution of Toll-Like Receptors to the Control of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Initiating Antiviral Innate Responses and Promoting Specific Adaptive Immune Responses
    In primary hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may slow down HBV infection, but contribute only indirectly to viral clearance. TLRs may modulate HBV-specific T- and B-cell responses in vivo, which are essential for the termination of HBV infection. Thus, TLR agonists are promising candidates to act as immunomodulators for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

     
    INDUSTRY NEWS
    University of Maryland School of Medicine Carries Out a Human Trial of Experimental Ebola Vaccine
    The University of Maryland School of Medicine Center for Vaccine Development announced the start of a clinical trial in Baltimore to evaluate different dosage levels of a promising experimental Ebola vaccine developed by the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and GlaxoSmithKline. [The University of Maryland School of Medicine Center] Press Release

    Cocrystal Pharma and RFS Pharma Merge to Create Advanced Antiviral Development Organization
    Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. announced the closing of its merger with RFS Pharma, LLC. Since 2004, RFS Pharma has been working on the development of innovative drugs to treat human viral diseases. [Cocrystal Pharma, Inc.] Press Release

    bioMérieux and Illumina Enter Agreement to Co-Develop a Next-Generation Sequencing Solution for Epidemiological Monitoring of Bacterial Infections
    bioMérieux and Illumina announced they have signed an exclusive agreement to launch a next-generation sequencing epidemiology solution for service labs. The two companies will jointly develop applications for microbiology sequencing technologies within a four-year renewable period. [Illumina Inc.] Press Release

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    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW Keystone Symposium – Host Response in Tuberculosis
    January 22-27, 2015
    Santa Fe, United States

    NEW Keystone Symposium – HIV Vaccines
    March 22-27, 2015
    Banff, Canada

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the immunology of infectious disease community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)

    NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Respiratory Immunology, Biology, and Drug Discovery Research (Washington University School of Medicine)

    Postdoctoral Position – Mechanisms of Pathogen Infection-Associated Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis (Johns Hopkins University)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Innate Immune Responses to Virus Infection or Autoimmune Diseases (Houston Methodist Research Institute)

    Postdoctoral Fellowship – Parasitology (Institut Pasteur)

    Postdoctoral Fellowship – Universal Influenza Vaccine Development (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – B Cell Responses Induced by HPV Vaccines (Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.)

    Postdoctoral Position – Viral Pathogenesis (The Scripps Research Institute)

    Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immune Responses to HSV (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

    Associate Professor – Molecular Immunology (Chiba University)

    Scientist – Recombinant Molecules and Antibodies (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Recruit Top Talent: Reach more than 50,000 potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

     

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