Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 2.47 | Dec 3 2014

Control of Pathogenic Effector T-Cell Activities In Situ by PD-L1 Expression on Respiratory Inflammatory Dendritic Cells during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
The interaction of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) with its ligand PD-L1 is vital to restrict the pro-inflammatory activities of lung effector T cells in situ, thereby inhibiting the development of excessive pulmonary inflammation and injury during respiratory syncytial virus infection. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Epitope-Specific CD4⁺, but Not CD8⁺, T-Cell Responses Induced by Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Investigators explored the impact of pulmonary delivery of recombinant influenza A viruses on the induction of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses and the resultant protection against M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

Pathophysiologic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Viscerotropic Yellow Fever in a Rhesus Macaque Model
Scientists characterized disease progression as well as alterations in immune system homeostasis, cytokine production and gene expression in rhesus macaques infected with the virulent yellow fever virus strain DakH1279. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article | Press Release

B Cells Modulate Systemic Responses to Pneumocystis Lung Infection and Protect On-Demand Hematopoiesis via T Cell-Independent, Innate Mechanism when Type-I-IFN-Signaling Is Absent
Investigators define how B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis lung infection in a model. This activity is independent of CD4⁺ T cell help and B cell-receptor-specificity, and does not require B cell migration to the bone marrow. [Infect Immun] Abstract | Full Article

HIV

HIV-1 Pathogenicity and Virion Production Are Dependent on the Metabolic Phenotype of Activated CD4⁺ T Cells
Scientists report that in primary CD4⁺ T cells, the flux through the glycolytic pathway is increased upon infection with HIV-1. This increase in glycolytic activity does not occur in T cell lines when infected with HIV-1. They monitored the effect of preventing glycolysis in CD4⁺ T cells on virus replication cycle and cell fate. [Retrovirology] Full Article

Different Plasma Markers of Inflammation Are Influenced by Immune Recovery and cART Composition or Intensification in Treated HIV Infected Individuals
Since intensification of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with raltegravir reduced CD8 T-cell activation in the Discor-Ral and IntegRal studies, researchers evaluated the effect of raltegravir intensification on several soluble inflammation markers in these studies. [PLoS One] Full Article

Nef Neutralizes the Ability of Exosomes from CD4⁺ T Cells to Act as Decoys during HIV-1 Infection
Scientists performed in vitro HIV-1 infection assays in the presence of distinct populations of exosomes. They demonstrate that exosomes released by CD4⁺ T cells, but not CD4⁻ T cells, efficiently inhibit HIV-1 infection in vitro. [PLoS One] Full Article

Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells and Helios⁺ Subset in Perinatally Acquired HIV
Investigators examined the impact of HIV infection on total regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their Helios subsets in a perinatal acquired HIV infected pediatric population. The finding indicates a selective expansion or survival of Tregs in association with CD4 depletion and increased viremia. [Clin Exp Immunol] Abstract

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GSK Names Winners of 2014 Discovery Fast Track Challenge
GSK has announced the winners of its second Discovery Fast Track Challenge – a program designed to combine the expertise of academic researchers with that of drug discovery scientists at GSK, to accelerate the search for new medicines. [GlaxoSmithKline plc.] Press Release

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Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Respiratory Immunology, Biology, and Drug Discovery Research (Washington University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Mechanisms of Pathogen Infection-Associated Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Innate Immune Responses to Virus Infection or Autoimmune Diseases (Houston Methodist Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Universal Influenza Vaccine Development (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – B Cell Responses Induced by HPV Vaccines (Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Viral Pathogenesis (The Scripps Research Institute)

Associate Professor – Molecular Immunology (Chiba University)

Scientist – Recombinant Molecules and Antibodies (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Media Development, High Throughput Screening (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Cell Culture Support Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology/Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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