Human Antibodies Fix Complement to Inhibit Plasmodium falciparum Invasion of Erythrocytes and Are Associated with Protection against Malaria Researchers demonstrated that acquired human anti-malarial antibodies promoted complement deposition on the merozoite to mediate inhibition of erythrocyte invasion through C1q fixation and activation of the classical complement pathway. [Immunity] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Autophagy Receptor NDP52 Regulates Pathogen-Containing Autophagosome Maturation Investigators showed that NDP52 promoted the maturation of autophagosomes via its interaction with LC3A, LC3B, and/or GABARAPL2 through a distinct LC3-interacting region, and with MYOSIN VI. During Salmonella Typhimurium infection, the regulatory function of NDP52 in autophagosome maturation was complementary but independent of its function in pathogen targeting to autophagosomes, which relied on the interaction with LC3C. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Pathogenic Fungi Regulate Immunity by Inducing Neutrophilic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Using both mouse models and human patients, researchers showed that infection with the human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans induced a distinct subset of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which functionally suppress T and NK cell responses. [Cell Host Microbe] Full Article | Graphical Abstract IRF8 Directs Stress-Induced Autophagy in Macrophages and Promotes Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes Scientists showed that ​interferon regulatory factor 8 (​IRF8) was required for the expression of autophagy-related genes in dendritic cells. Furthermore in macrophages, ​IRF8 was induced by multiple autophagy-inducing stresses, including ​IFNγ and Toll-like receptor stimulation, bacterial infection, starvation and by ​macrophage colony-stimulating factor. ​[Nat Commun] Abstract T-Bet- and STAT4-Dependent IL-33 Receptor Expression Directly Promotes Antiviral Th1 Cell Responses Researchers showed that Th1 effector cells expressed ST2 upon differentiation in vitro and in vivo during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. The expression of ST2 on Th1 cells was transient, in contrast to constitutive ST2 expression on Th2 cells, and marked highly activated effector cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract MAPK Phosphatase 5 Expression Induced by Influenza and Other RNA Virus Infection Negatively Regulates IRF3 Activation and Type I Interferon Response Investigators showed that virus infection induced the expression of MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5), a dual-specificity phosphatase, in host cells. Mice deficient in MKP5 were resistant to H1N1 influenza infection, which was associated with increased IRF3 activation and type I interferon expression in comparison with WT mice. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Delayed Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Impaired CD4+ T-Cell Migration to the Skin in Mouse Models of DOCK8 Deficiency The authors show that DOCK8-deficient mice have poor control of primary cutaneous herpes simplex lesions and this is associated with increased virus loads. Furthermore, DOCK8-deficient mice showed a lack of CD4+ T-cell infiltration into herpes simplex virus-infected skin. [Immunol Cell Biol] Full Article HIV CD4+ T Cell-Derived IL-21 and Deprivation of CD40 Signaling Favor the In Vivo Development of Granzyme B-Expressing Regulatory B Cells in HIV Patients Scientists demonstrated that untreated HIV patients display CD4+ T cells with enhanced IL-21 expression and high in vivo frequencies of regulatory B cells overexpressing the serine protease granzyme B. [J Immunol] Abstract Primate Immune Responses to HIV-1 Env Formulated in the Saponin-Based Adjuvant AbISCO-100 in the Presence or Absence of TLR9 Co-Stimulation Scientists used CpG-C together with the clinically relevant saponin-based adjuvant AbISCO-100/Matrix-M, to assess if Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 co-stimulation would quantitatively or qualitatively modulate HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-specific B and T cell responses in rhesus macaques. [Sci Rep] Full Article Reconstitution and Characterization of Antibody Repertoires of HIV-1-Infected “Elite Neutralizers” The authors investigated the antibody repertoires of three “elite neutralizers” by reconstituting the immune antibody repertories in vitro followed by a comparative study of the recombinant library IgGs with the corresponding serum IgGs. [Antiviral Res] Abstract A Plant-Derived Multi-HIV Antigen Induces Broad Immune Responses in Orally Immunized Mice BALB/c mice orally immunized with tobacco-derived multi-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had elicited antibody responses, including both the V3 loop of gp120 and the ELDKWA epitope of gp41. Based on splenocyte proliferation assays, stimulation with epitopes of the C4, V3 domain of gp120, and the ELDKWA domain of gp41 elicited positive cellular responses. [Mol Biotechnol] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |