Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 3.16 | Apr 29 2015

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    Immunology of Infectious Disease News 3.16 April 29, 2015

    Immunology of Infectious Disease News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Science News | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    Researchers Develop Ebola Treatment Effective Three Days after Infection
    Researchers have successfully developed a post-exposure treatment that is effective against a specific strain of the Ebola virus that killed thousands of people in West Africa. [Press release from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston discussing online prepublication in Nature] Press Release | Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    ICOS and Bcl6-Dependent Pathways Maintain a CD4 T Cell Population with Memory-Like Properties during Tuberculosis
    Using MHCII tetramers, scientists showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells were subject to ongoing antigenic stimulation. Despite this chronic stimulation, a subset of PD-1+ cells was maintained within the lung parenchyma during tuberculosis. [J Exp Med] Abstract

    ILC2s and T Cells Cooperate to Ensure Maintenance of M2 Macrophages for Lung Immunity against Hookworms
    Investigators report that lung CD4+ T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) work in concert to block Nippostrongylus brasiliensis development in the parenchyma within 48 hours in mice. [Nat Commun]
    Abstract | Press Release

    Activation of NLRC4 Downregulates TLR5-Mediated Antibody Immune Responses against Flagellin
    Scientists assessed the effects of flagellin and its mutants lacking the ability to activate Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor protein 4 (NLRC4) alone or in combination on the adaptive immune responses against flagellin. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

    ESAT-6 Targeting to DEC205+ Antigen Presenting Cells Induces Specific-T Cell Responses against ESAT-6 and Reduces Pulmonary Infection with Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Researchers generated a murine monoclonal fusion antibody to deliver early secretory antigen target (ESAT)-6 directly to DEC205+ antigen presenting cells and assessed its in vivo effects on protection associated responses. [PLoS One] Full Article

    Adoptive Transfer of CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells to C57BL/6J Mice during Acute Infection with Toxoplasma gondii down Modulates the Exacerbated Th1 Immune Response
    Investigators studied the role of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells during T. gondii infection by adoptive transfer of cells purified from transgenic Foxp3EGFP mice to infected wild type animals. [Microbes Infect] Full Article

    HIV

    Gut Dendritic Cell Activation Links an Altered Colonic Microbiome to Mucosal and Systemic T-Cell Activation in Untreated HIV-1 Infection
    Researchers compared the frequency and activation/maturation status of colonic myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets (CD1c+ and CD1cneg) and plasmacytoid DCs in untreated HIV-1-infected subjects with uninfected controls. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

    Neutralization Properties of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Infecting Chimpanzees and Gorillas
    Investigators examined whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies are capable of cross-neutralizing distantly related simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting central and eastern chimpanzees as well as western gorillas. [MBio] Full Article

    Involvement of a C-Terminal Motif in the Interference of Primate Lentiviral Vpu Proteins with CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation
    Scientists have previously shown that the Vpu proteins of two HIV-1 group M subtype B strains down-regulate CD1d from the surface of infected dendritic cells and inhibit their crosstalk with the innate invariant natural killer T cells. In the present study, they investigated the ability of a comprehensive set of primate lentiviral Vpu proteins to interfere with CD1d-mediated immunity. [Sci Rep] Full Article

    HIV-1 Tat Immunization Restores Immune Homeostasis and Attacks the HAART-Resistant Blood HIV DNA: Results of a Randomized Phase II Exploratory Clinical Trial
    The Phase II multicenter, randomized, open label, therapeutic trial evaluated the immunogenicity and the safety of the biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein. Vaccination promoted a durable and significant restoration of T, B, natural killer cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ central memory subsets. [Retrovirology]
    Full Article | Press Release

    Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Infection and Sensing Capacity during Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic SIV Infection
    The authors report that African green monkeys (AGM) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) express extremely low levels of CD4, unlike macaque and human pDC. Despite this, AGM pDC efficiently sensed SIVagm, but not heterologous HIV/SIV isolates, indicating a virus-host adaptation. [J Virol] Abstract

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    REVIEWS
    HIV-1 and Interferons: Who’s Interfering with Whom?
    The authors discuss the evidence that interferons (IFNs) can control HIV-1 replication in vivo and debate the controversial role of IFNs in promoting the pathological sequelae of chronic HIV-1 infection. [Nat Rev Microbiol] Abstract

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of the ‘Non-Classical Immune Cell’
    Investigators address the influence of specific ‘non-classical immune cells’ in host responses and their effects in controlling mycobacterial growth or enabling an environment conducive for bacilli persistence. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

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    SCIENCE NEWS
    Positive Phase III Results for Two Antibiotics, Zinforo™ and Investigational Ceftazidime-Avibactam
    AstraZeneca presented positive Phase III data demonstrating the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam, an investigational antibiotic being developed to treat serious Gram-negative bacterial infections including complicated intra-abdominal infections. [Press release from AstraZeneca (PR Newswire Association LLC) discussing research presented at the 25th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), Copenhagen] Press Release

    Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir Combination Effective Treatment for Difficult-to-Treat Hep C Patients
    Results show that the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir treatment combination is effective amongst hepatitis C virus genotype-1 mono-infected patients. [Press release from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EurekAlert!) discussing research presented at the 50th International Liver Congress™ (ILC) 2015, Vienna] Press Release

    Researchers Highlight Need for Better Evidence to Guide EU Efforts to Increase Hep B+C Testing
    The apparent dearth of research on hepatitis B and C testing in many European countries could be hampering efforts to identify infected individuals, according to results from a comprehensive review of 136 studies. [Press release from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EurekAlert!) discussing research presented at the 50th International Liver Congress™ (ILC) 2015, Vienna] Press Release

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    INDUSTRY NEWS
    NIH Awards SLU Contract to Study Universal Flu Vaccine
    The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), selected Saint Louis University (SLU) to work on the flu vaccine project, which has a total funding of $1.1 million. [Saint Louis University] Press Release

    PAML and Axela Collaborate on Immune Status for Vaccine Preventable Diseases
    Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories (PAML) announced that the laboratory has entered into a collaborative agreement with Axela, Inc. to develop multiplex assays focused on immune status for vaccine preventable diseases. [PAML, LLC] Press Release

    Microneedle Patch for Measles Vaccination Could Be a Global Game Changer
    A new microneedle patch being developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could make it easier to vaccinate people against measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases. [Georgia Institute of Technology] Press Release | Video

    Vical to Manufacture HIV Vaccines for Clinical Evaluation by Public-Private Partnership Initiative
    Vical Incorporated announced that it has entered into a $4 million contract with the IPPOX Foundation to manufacture HIV-antigen plasmid DNA as a component of vaccine regimens to be evaluated in clinical trials for the prevention of HIV infection. [Vical Incorporated] Press Release

    Seattle BioMed Rebrands as Center for Infectious Disease Research
    Seattle BioMed announced the organization has rebranded as the Center for Infectious Disease Research. The Center for Infectious Disease Research focuses on making transformative scientific advancements in the development of vaccines, drugs and diagnostics to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other emerging and neglected diseases. [Center for Infectious Disease Research (Business Wire)] Press Release

     
    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW Targeting Cell Death Mechanisms for the Treatment of Human Diseases
    November 9-13, 2015
    Suzhou, China

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the immunology of infectious disease community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Senior Scientist – Respiratory Infectious Immunology (Janssen)

    Research Associate – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – HIV T Cell Immunology and Vaccine Development (University of Texas at El Paso)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – HIV Resistant Macrophages (Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.)

    Postdoctoral Position – Immunology/Virology (Inserm)

    Early Stage Researcher – Identification and Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitors (AiCuris GmbH)

    Postdoctoral Position – Immuno-Metabolism (East Carolina University)

    Postdoctoral Position – Immune Responses and Virus Biology (Biodefense Research Section)

    Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Innate Immunity (University of Connecticut Health Center)


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