ICOS and Bcl6-Dependent Pathways Maintain a CD4 T Cell Population with Memory-Like Properties during Tuberculosis Using MHCII tetramers, scientists showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells were subject to ongoing antigenic stimulation. Despite this chronic stimulation, a subset of PD-1+ cells was maintained within the lung parenchyma during tuberculosis. [J Exp Med] Abstract ILC2s and T Cells Cooperate to Ensure Maintenance of M2 Macrophages for Lung Immunity against Hookworms Investigators report that lung CD4+ T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) work in concert to block Nippostrongylus brasiliensis development in the parenchyma within 48 hours in mice. [Nat Commun] Abstract | Press Release Activation of NLRC4 Downregulates TLR5-Mediated Antibody Immune Responses against Flagellin Scientists assessed the effects of flagellin and its mutants lacking the ability to activate Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor protein 4 (NLRC4) alone or in combination on the adaptive immune responses against flagellin. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract ESAT-6 Targeting to DEC205+ Antigen Presenting Cells Induces Specific-T Cell Responses against ESAT-6 and Reduces Pulmonary Infection with Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Researchers generated a murine monoclonal fusion antibody to deliver early secretory antigen target (ESAT)-6 directly to DEC205+ antigen presenting cells and assessed its in vivo effects on protection associated responses. [PLoS One] Full Article Adoptive Transfer of CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells to C57BL/6J Mice during Acute Infection with Toxoplasma gondii down Modulates the Exacerbated Th1 Immune Response Investigators studied the role of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells during T. gondii infection by adoptive transfer of cells purified from transgenic Foxp3EGFP mice to infected wild type animals. [Microbes Infect] Full Article HIV Gut Dendritic Cell Activation Links an Altered Colonic Microbiome to Mucosal and Systemic T-Cell Activation in Untreated HIV-1 Infection Researchers compared the frequency and activation/maturation status of colonic myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets (CD1c+ and CD1cneg) and plasmacytoid DCs in untreated HIV-1-infected subjects with uninfected controls. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Neutralization Properties of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Infecting Chimpanzees and Gorillas Investigators examined whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies are capable of cross-neutralizing distantly related simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting central and eastern chimpanzees as well as western gorillas. [MBio] Full Article Involvement of a C-Terminal Motif in the Interference of Primate Lentiviral Vpu Proteins with CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation Scientists have previously shown that the Vpu proteins of two HIV-1 group M subtype B strains down-regulate CD1d from the surface of infected dendritic cells and inhibit their crosstalk with the innate invariant natural killer T cells. In the present study, they investigated the ability of a comprehensive set of primate lentiviral Vpu proteins to interfere with CD1d-mediated immunity. [Sci Rep] Full Article HIV-1 Tat Immunization Restores Immune Homeostasis and Attacks the HAART-Resistant Blood HIV DNA: Results of a Randomized Phase II Exploratory Clinical Trial The Phase II multicenter, randomized, open label, therapeutic trial evaluated the immunogenicity and the safety of the biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein. Vaccination promoted a durable and significant restoration of T, B, natural killer cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ central memory subsets. [Retrovirology] Full Article | Press Release Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Infection and Sensing Capacity during Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic SIV Infection The authors report that African green monkeys (AGM) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) express extremely low levels of CD4, unlike macaque and human pDC. Despite this, AGM pDC efficiently sensed SIVagm, but not heterologous HIV/SIV isolates, indicating a virus-host adaptation. [J Virol] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |