Interferon-λ and Interleukin 22 Act Synergistically for the Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Control of Rotavirus Infection Researchers identified interleukin 22 produced by innate lymphoid cell group 3 as an amplifier of signaling via interferon-λ, a synergism needed to curtail the replication of rotavirus, the leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Gammaherpesvirus Co-Infection with Malaria Suppresses Anti-Parasitic Humoral Immunity Using well established mouse models of infection, researchers showed that acute, but not latent murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection suppresses the anti-malarial humoral response to a secondary malaria infection. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article | Press Release Eosinophils Contribute to Early Clearance of Pneumocystis murina Infection Given the crucial role of CD4+ T cells in host defense against Pneumocystis, investigators used RNA sequencing of whole lung early in infection in wild-type and CD4-depleted animals as an unbiased approach to examine mechanisms of fungal clearance. In wild-type mice, a strong eosinophil signature was observed at day 14 post Pneumocystis challenge, and eosinophils were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of wild-type mice. [J Immunol] Abstract TLR Ligand Induced IL-6 Counter-Regulates the Anti-Viral CD8+ T Cell Response during an Acute Retrovirus Infection Scientists investigated the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) in shaping virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the Friend retrovirus mouse model. They showed that the TLR agonist induced IL-6 counter-regulates effector CD8+ T-cell responses. [Sci Rep] Full Article Innate Lymphotoxin Receptor Mediated Signaling Promotes HSV-1 Associated Neuroinflammation and Viral Replication Using a model of footpad herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in Rag1–/– mice, investigators observed that blocking lymphotoxin-α1β2 (LT)/LIGHT signaling with LT beta receptor-Ig could significantly delay disease progression and extend the survival of infected mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article NK Cells Inhibit Humoral Immunity by Reducing the Abundance of CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells during a Chronic Virus Infection Researchers examined the effect of NK cell depletion on B cell responses to LCMV infection in mice. They found that early NK cell depletion rapidly increased virus-specific antibody levels to chronic infection, and this effect depended on CD4+ T cells and was associated with elevated numbers of CXCR5+CD4+ TFH cells. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract The Expression of Molecule CD28 and CD38 on CD4+/CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Thymus and Spleen Elicited by Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Mice Model Researchers investigated the dynamic patterns of the expression of molecules CD28 and CD38 on CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes of the thymus and spleen in mice model with S. japonicum infection. Their data indicated that at an early period of infection, the frequency of CD8+CD28− T cell in the spleen decreased significantly, but higher at chronic infection than that in control. [Parasitol Res] Abstract HIV The Expression of Functional Vpx during Pathogenic SIVmac Infections of Rhesus Macaques Suppresses SAMHD1 in CD4+ Memory T Cells Scientists showed that when macaques were inoculated with either the T cell tropic SIVmac239 or the macrophage tropic SIVmac316 carrying a Vpx point mutation that abrogates the recruitment of DCAF1 and the ensuing degradation of endogenous sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) in cultured CD+ T cells, virus acquisition, progeny virion production in memory CD4+ T cells during acute infection, and the maintenance of set-point viremia were greatly attenuated. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article Activated Platelet-T Cell Conjugates in Peripheral Blood of Patients with HIV Infection: Coupling Coagulation/Inflammation and T Cells Healthy controls and combination antiretroviral therapy treated HIV infected patients with viral loads of less than 40 copies/ml for more than 15 months were analysed for platelet-T cell conjugate formation. [AIDS] Abstract Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves HIV-1-Specific CD8 T Cells with Stem Cell-Like Properties Investigators showed that a subgroup of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with stem cell-like properties is enriched in patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy, as opposed to untreated progressors or controllers. In addition, prolonged duration of antiretroviral therapy was associated with a progressive increase in the relative proportions of these stem cell-like HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells. [J Virol] Abstract Elimination of HIV-1-Infected Primary T Cell Reservoirs in an In Vitro Model of Latency The authors utilized a human primary cell model of HIV-1 latency to evaluate the requirements for efficient virus reactivation from, and the selective elimination of, latently infected human T cells. [PLoS One] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |