Systems Analysis of Immunity to Influenza Vaccination across Multiple Years and in Diverse Populations Reveals Shared Molecular Signatures Researchers applied systems approaches to study immune responses in young, elderly, and diabetic subjects vaccinated with the seasonal influenza vaccine across five consecutive seasons. Baseline signatures of lymphocyte and monocyte inflammation were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with antibody responses at one month. [Immunity] Full Article | Press Release Interdependence between Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Regulates TNF-Dependent Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Researchers showed that without interleukin-1 receptor I, M. tuberculosis-infected newly recruited Ly6Ghi myeloid cells failed to upregulate tumor necrosis factor receptor I and to produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in compromised pathogen control. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Block Chikungunya Virus Entry and Release by Targeting an Epitope Critical to Viral Pathogenesis Investigators evaluated the mechanism by which neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies inhibit chikungunya virus infection. Potently neutralizing antibodies blocked infection at multiple steps of the virus life cycle, including entry and release. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Antigen-Dependent and –Independent Contributions to Primary Memory CD8 T Cell Activation and Protection following Infection Scientists examined activation of virus-specific memory CD8 T-cells following infection with L. monocytogenes either expressing or not cognate antigen (Ag). They showed that Ag and inflammation act synergistically in vitro to induce memory activation. [Sci Rep] Full Article Cooperation between CD4+ T Cells and Humoral Immunity Is Critical for Protection against Dengue Using a DNA Vaccine Based on the NS1 Antigen Scientists elucidated the contribution of cellular and humoral responses elicited by a DNA vaccine candidate for protective immunity, pcTPANS1. They observed that pcTPANS1 exerted a robust protection against dengue, inducing considerable levels of anti-NS1 antibodies and T cell responses. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article HIV HIV-1 Increases TLR Responses in Human Primary Astrocytes Researchers confirmed that viral gene expression from the moment of pretreatment with antiretrovirals inhibited HIV-1-induced TLR response. The higher response to LPS from HIV-1-infected cells did not correlate with TLR4 or MyD88 increased expression. [Sci Rep] Full Article HIV-1 Antibody Neutralization Breadth Is Associated with Enhanced HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Scientists conducted a comprehensive analysis of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses in a cohort of 34 untreated HIV-infected viremic controllers matched for viral load, with and without neutralizing antibody breadth to a panel of viral strains. Results showed that the breadth and magnitude of Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses were significantly higher in individuals with neutralizing antibodies versus those without neutralizing antibodies. [J Virol] Abstract Dendritic Cells Enhance HIV Infection of Memory CD4+ T Cells in Human Lymphoid Tissues To study the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in HIV infection of lymphoid tissues researchers utilized human tonsil tissues, cultured either as tissue blocks or as aggregate suspension cultures, in single-round infection experiments. In these experiments, addition of monocyte-derived DCs to the cultures increased T cell infection, particularly in CD4+ T cells expressing lower levels of HLA-DR. [AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses] Abstract The α7-Nicotinic Receptor Is Upregulated in Immune Cells from HIV-Seropositive Women: Consequences to the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Response Scientists demonstrated that HIV gp120IIIB induces α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7) upregulation and a paradoxical proinflammatory phenotype in macrophages, as activation of the upregulated α7 is no longer capable of inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. [Clin Transl Immunol] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |