MicroRNA-23a Curbs Necrosis during Early T Cell Activation by Enforcing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Equilibrium Researchers determined that miR-23a is indispensable for effector CD4+ T cell expansion, particularly by providing early protection from excessive necrosis. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Fungal Mimicry of a Mammalian Aminopeptidase Disables Innate Immunity and Promotes Pathogenicity Investigators report that the pathogenic yeast of Blastomyces dermatitidis elaborates dipeptidyl-peptidase IVA (DppIVA), a close mimic of the mammalian ectopeptidase CD26, which modulates critical aspects of hematopoiesis. Yeast producing DppIVA crippled the recruitment and differentiation of monocytes and prevented phagocyte activation and ROS production. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Identifying Protective Streptococcus pyogenes Vaccine Antigens Recognized by Both B and T Cells in Human Adults and Children The authors selected 21 antigens based on an in silico evaluation. The antigens were tested for both antibody recognition and T cell responses in human adults and children. [Sci Rep] Full Article Staphylococcus aureus-Derived Factors Induce IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A-Expressing FOXP3+CD161+ T‑Helper Cells in a Partly Monocyte-Dependent Manner Scientists aimed to investigate how S. aureus impacts the production of regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of CD161 and HELIOS by peripheral CD4+FOXP3+ T-cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article Phase I/IIa Trial of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidate VMP001/AS01B in Malaria-Naive Adults: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy Investigators conducted a first-in-human Phase I dose escalation vaccine study with controlled human malaria infection of vivax malaria protein 1 (VMP001) formulated in the GSK Adjuvant System AS01B. All volunteers generated robust humoral and cellular immune responses to the vaccine antigen. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article | Press Release HIV CXCL13 Is a Plasma Biomarker of Germinal Center Activity Scientists found that plasma CXCL13 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 13) levels correlated with germinal center activity in draining lymph nodes of immunized mice, immunized macaques, and HIV-infected humans. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract IL-7 Induces SAMHD1 Phosphorylation in CD4+ T Lymphocytes, Improving Early Steps of HIV-1 Life Cycle The authors determined that both interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-7 induced SAMHD1 phosphorylation in T592, abrogating its antiviral activity. However, IL-7 caused a much more profound stimulatory effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration than IL-2 that required chemokine co-stimulation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract HIV Skews the Lineage-Defining Transcriptional Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific CD4+ T Cells To define the diversity of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ Th subsets and determine whether HIV infection impacts such responses, the expression of lineage-defining transcription factors T-bet, Gata3, RORγt, and Foxp3 was measured in M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. [J Immunol] Abstract Combined Action of Anti-CD4 Autoantibodies and Rheumatoid Factor in the Development of CD4 Lymphocytopenia in Rats Immunized with HIV-1 gp120 Researchers examined the role of anti-CD4 autoantibodies and physiological rheumatoid factor in the development of CD4+ lymphocytopenia. Immunization of Wistar rats with gp120 HIV-1 induced chronic production of anti-CD4 autoantibodies and decreased CD4+ lymphocytes in the blood. [AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News and Immune Regulation News! |