Immunology of Infectious Disease News 5.41 October 18, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYInvestigators showed that natural killer cells in secondary lymphoid organs from chronically SIV from African green monkeys-infected African green monkeys were frequently CXCR5+ and entered and persisted in lymph node follicles throughout the follow-up. These follicles were strongly positive for IL-15, which was primarily presented in its membrane-bound form by follicular dendritic cells. [Nat Med] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Scientists found that murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) inhibited the development of house dust mite-induced experimental asthma by modulating lung innate immune cells. Infection with MuHV-4 caused the replacement of resident alveolar macrophages by monocytes with regulatory functions. [Nat Immunol] Abstract While the removal of apoptotic M. tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells, or efferocytosis, is considered beneficial for host defense, little is known about Mtb-infected necrotic neutrophils. Investigators found that Mtb induces necrosis of human neutrophils in an ESX-1-dependent manner, and neutrophil-produced reactive oxygen species drive this necrosis. [Cell Host Microbe] Full Article | Graphical Abstract The Epstein-Barr Virus Regulome in Lymphoblastoid Cells Researchers provide a comprehensive view of the spatial organization of chromatin during Epstein-Barr virus-driven cellular transformation. [Cell Host Microbe] Full Article | Grapical Abstract TRIM29 Promotes DNA Virus Infections by Inhibiting Innate Immune Response Scientists report that in human airway epithelial cells Epstein-Barr virus induces TRIM29, a member of the TRIM family of proteins, to inhibit innate immune activation. [Nat Commun] Full Article Interleukin 17A as a Good Predictor of the Severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children The authors analyzed cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and explored predicting factors of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. Retrospective analysis was performed on 150 children with MPP or bronchial foreign body admitted in to the author’s hospital. [Sci Rep] Full Article HIVUsing antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques, scientists showed that CTLA–4+PD–1− memory CD4+ T cells, which share phenotypic markers with regulatory T cells, were enriched in SIV DNA in blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and gut, and contained replication-competent and infectious virus. [Immunity] Full Article | Graphical Abstract The latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells is the major barrier to curing HIV-1 infection. Investigators describe a unique set of properties of CD4+ T cells undergoing effector-to-memory transition including temporary upregulation of CCR5 expression and rapid downregulation of cellular gene transcription. [Immunity] Full Article | Graphical Abstract The authors developed the Full-Length Individual Proviral Sequencing assay to determine the distribution of latent replication-competent HIV-1 within memory CD4+ T cell subsets in six individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Scientists postulated a “block-and-lock” functional cure approach based on properties of the Tat inhibitor didehydro-Cortistatin A. HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitors could block ongoing viremia during antiretroviral therapy, locking the HIV promoter in persistent latency. They investigated this hypothesis in human CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic individuals. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSThe Hygiene Hypothesis in Autoimmunity: The Role of Pathogens and Commensals The author discusses the importance of innate immune receptors, in particular Toll-like receptors, in mediating the protective effect of pathogens and commensals on autoimmunity. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSA Pasteur International Joint Unit to Counteract the Evolution of Viruses Pasteur International Joint Unit will develop a program combining the study of the natural evolution of viruses with synthetic biology to understand and better combat emerging infectious diseases. [Institut Pasteur] Press Release Promising New Leprosy Vaccine Moves into Human Trials The Infectious Disease Research Institute and American Leprosy Missions announced the start of a Phase I clinical trial in humans for a promising leprosy vaccine candidate – the first vaccine developed specifically for leprosy. [Infectious Disease Research Institute] Press Release Gilead Awards $7.5 Million in Second Round of Grants to Advance HIV Cure Research Gilead Sciences, Inc. announced the second round of recipients of its HIV cure grants program. This new commitment will provide $7.5 million to support five additional HIV cure research initiatives led by top academic institutions and focused on translational research and efficacy studies in preclinical models. [Gilead Sciences, Inc.] Press Release Agenus Inc. announced that Health Canada granted marketing authorization to GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) shingles vaccine, Shingrix, that contains Agenus’ proprietary immune adjuvant QS-21 Stimulon® adjuvant. The approval in Canada marks the first approval for Shingrix and the first approval of a vaccine containing QS-21 Stimulon. [Agenus Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSEfforts to Save Leading Hungarian University Hit Hurdle The threatened Central European University in Budapest has been dealt a blow in its efforts to avert possible closure in Hungary. The country’s parliament voted to postpone, for a year, a decision that would allow the university to keep operating there. [Nature News] Editorial New Definitions of Scientific Units Are on the Horizon Revamped definitions of scientific units are on their way. In the biggest overhaul of the international system of units since its inception in 1960, a committee is set to redefine four basic units — the ampere, the kilogram, the kelvin and the mole — using relationships to fundamental constants, rather than abstract or arbitrary definitions. [Nature News] Editorial Top Chinese University to Consider Social-Media Posts in Researcher Evaluations One of China’s most prestigious universities plans to give some articles in newspapers and posts on major social-media outlets the same weight as peer-reviewed publications when it evaluates researchers. [Nature News] Editorial Japanese Research Leaders Warn about National Science Decline As Japan heads towards a national election, scientific leaders worry that the outcome will do little to address long-standing concerns about the country’s deteriorating research landscape. They say that a decline in funding and a shift away from basic research has undermined Japan’s capacity to compete against both established scientific powerhouses and emerging ones such as China. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Microbe 2018 Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Assistant Professor – Mammalian Virology (University of California, Riverside) Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Research Technologist – Immunotherapy (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Full Professorship – Systems Immunology (Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg) Postdoctoral Position – Immune Responses against HIV (DIACCURATE) Assistant/Associate Professor – Immunology (Western Michigan University School of Medicine) Assistant Professor – Infectious Disease (J. Craig Venter Institute) Professor – Clinical Infectious Diseases (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster) Full Professorship – Infection, Inflammation and Cancer (German Cancer Research Center) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Johns Hopkins University) Postdoctoral Position – Autophagy (University of New Mexico) Postdoctoral Scientist – Immunology/Microbial Pathogenesis (Nationwide Children’s Hospital) Mouse Scientist – T Cell-Based Therapy (Tessa Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 5.41 | Oct 18 2017