Immunology of Infectious Disease News 5.46 November 22, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYB Cells Producing Type I Interferon Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Tuberculosis Scientists generated the transcriptome of B cells isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected mice, and validated the identified key pathways using in vitro and in vivo assays. B cells isolated from Mtb-infected mice displayed a STAT1-centered signature, suggesting a role for interferons in B cell response to infection. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Investigators showed that transphagocytic T cells present bacterial antigens to naive CD8+ T cells, which proliferate and become cytotoxic in response. CD4+ T-cell-mediated antigen presentation also occured in vivo in the course of infection, and induced the generation of central memory CD8+ T cells with low PD-1 expression. [Nat Commun] Full Article TLR7 Mediated Viral Recognition Results in Focal Type I Interferon Secretion by Dendritic Cells Researchers showed that MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling activates CD11a/CD18 integrin to induce microtubule elongation. TLR7+ lysosomes then became linked with these microtubules through the GTPase Arl8b and its effector SKIP/Plekhm2, resulting in perinuclear to peripheral relocalization of TLR7. [Nat Commun] Full Article Scientists demonstrated CD1b expression in tuberculosis (TB) granulomas and revealed a central role for meromycolate chains in influencing germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive-T cell receptor (TCR) activity. Meromycolate fine structure influenced T cell responses in TB-exposed individuals, and meromycolate alterations modulate functional responses by GEM-TCRs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Detection of HIV-1-Specific Gastrointestinal Tissue Resident CD8+ T-Cells in Chronic Infection The authors determined the abundance, phenotype, and functionality of CD8+ tissue-resident memory cells in the context of chronic HIV-1 infection. They found that the majority of rectosigmoid CD8+ T-cells were CD69+CD103+S1PR1− and T-betLowEomesoderminNeg, indicative of a tissue-residency phenotype similar to that described in murine models. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Yin Yang 1 Dynamically Regulates Antiviral Innate Immune Responses during Viral Infection The roles of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in type I interferon (IFN-1) production and IFN-1 signaling were investigated using immunoblotting, real-time PCR, small interfering RNA-mediated YY1 knockdown, YY1 overexpression by transient transfection, and co-immunoprecipitation, using mouse cells. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article Researchers isolated and identified exosomes in rhesus macaques, and investigated their effects on cell tropism and activation, especially their potential to reactivate HIV latency. The results indicated that plasma-derived exosomes preferentially fuse to TCR-activated T cells and autologous parent cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article ZIKV Infection Regulates Inflammasomes Pathway for Replication in Monocytes Investigators determined whether monocytes, which can cross tissue barriers, assist Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination to the fetus. They found that ZIKV infects and replicates in monocytes and macrophages, which results in the modulation of a large number of cellular genes. [Sci Rep] Full Article Antiviral CD8 T Cells Induce Zika-Virus-Associated Paralysis in Mice The authors investigated the neuropathogenesis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in type I interferon receptor IFNAR knockout mice, an infection model that exhibits high viral burden within the central nervous system. They showed that systemic spread of ZIKV from the site of infection to the brain requires Ifnar1 deficiency in the haematopoietic compartment. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract | Press Release Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSThe Role of Interferon in Persistent Viral Infection: Insights from Murine Norovirus Scientists review recent findings in the murine norovirus model, highlighting the role of interferons and innate immunity in clearing persistent viral infection, and discuss the broader implications of these findings for control of persistent human infections. [Trends Microbiol] Abstract CD4+ T Cell Differentiation in Chronic Viral Infections: The Tfh Perspective The authors discuss what is known about CD4+ T cell differentiation in chronic viral infections, with a focus on the emergence of the T follicular helper cell (Tfh) program and the implications of this shift with respect to Tfh function and the host–pathogen interaction. [Trends Mol Med] Abstract Th1 Cytokines, True Functional Signatures for Protective Immunity against TB? Scientists discuss the limitation of current Th1 cytokines as surrogates of protection and address the potential elements that should be considered to finalize the true functional signatures of protective immunity against tuberculosis (TB). [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSTelephus Medical announced that Edward Schwarz, Ph.D., Telephus Founder, Chief Scientific Officer, and Burton Professor of Orthopaedics and Director of the Center for Musculoskeletal Research at the University of Rochester Medical Center has been awarded a $6 million, five-year grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [Telephus Medical LLC] Press Release ViiV Healthcare, majority owned by GlaxoSmithKline, announced that the FDA has approved Juluca®, indicated as a complete regimen for the maintenance treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults who are virologically suppressed on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least six months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of Juluca. [GlaxoSmithKline plc.] Press Release | Editorial BiondVax Pharmaceuticals Ltd. announced the signing of the clinical trial agreement for a Phase II clinical trial with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). [BiondVax Pharmaceuticals Ltd.] Press Release Adam Geballe Elected AAAS Fellow Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center’s Dr. Adam Geballe has been named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Geballe, who is associate director of the Hutch’s Human Biology Division, was recognized for identifying two key proteins in a virus called cytomegalovirus that counteract the defenses of the humans it infects. [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center] Press Release Clinigen Group plc announced that it has registered Garsun® in South Africa. Equity Pharmaceutical Ltd, a division of Clinigen, will be the Holder of the Certificate of Registration. [Clinigen Group plc] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSStill No Science Advisor at the White House Ten months into his presidency, Donald Trump has yet to name a science advisor. It’s the longest amount of time a modern president has taken to nominate someone to the position since at least 1976, when Congress established the White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy. [MIT Technology Review] Editorial Director of HHS Scientific Fraud Office Is out after Stormy 2-Year Tenure The controversial director of the office that polices research fraud in U.S.-funded biomedical labs is temporarily moving to another agency. Kathy Partin has been removed after nearly two years as director of the U.S. Office of Research Integrity in Rockville, Maryland, according to Retraction Watch. [ScienceInsider] Editorial European Medicines Agency Will Move to Amsterdam The European Medicines Agency, charged with evaluating human and animal medicinal products for the European Union, will relocate to Amsterdam after it was selected in a draw of lots between it and Milan. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Hungary Rewards Highly Cited Scientists with Bonus Grants Some top researchers prosper in Hungary as country tries to improve its international standing in science. [Nature News] Editorial Sudden Shift at a Public Health Journal Leaves Scientists Feeling Censored For much of its 22-year existence, few outside the corner of science devoted to toxic chemicals paid much attention to the International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. But now, a feud has erupted over the small academic publication, as its editorial board — the scientists who advise the journal’s direction and handle article submissions — has accused the journal’s new owner of suppressing a paper and promoting “corporate interests over independent science in the public interest.” [Pro Publica Inc.] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Gordon Research Conferences: New Antibacterial Discovery and Development Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW PhD Position – Human CMV Infection (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Research Technologist – Immunotherapy (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (Brigham & Women’s Hospital – Harvard Medical School) Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Infections (University of Utah) Assistant Professor – Mammalian Virology (University of California, Riverside) Postdoctoral Position – Immune Responses against HIV (DIACCURATE) Assistant/Associate Professor – Immunology (Western Michigan University School of Medicine) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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