Immunology of Infectious Disease News 6.18 May 9, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYThe authors demonstrated by live imaging that efficient HIV-1 transmission to stromal macrophages depends on cell-mediated transfer of the virus through virological synapses formed between HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and the epithelial cell mucosal surface. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Press Release 1 | Press Release 2 | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)By comparing the outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6, IL-27R-deficient and IL-27R/IL-17A-double deficient mice, investigators observed that both the increased protection and elevated immunopathology are supported by IL-17A. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Researchers demonstrated that inactivation of the signaling adaptor CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) promotes CD4 T cell differentiation towards the follicular helper lineage, leading to enhanced control of viral infection by augmented germinal center response in chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article The HTLV-1 gp21 Fusion Peptide Inhibits Antigen Specific T-Cell Activation In Vitro and in Mice HIV-1 utilizes membrane binding region of gp41 to inhibit T-cell receptor complex activation. Scientists examined whether this T-cell suppression strategy is unique to the HIV-1 gp41. They focused on T-cell modulation by the gp21 fusion peptide of the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), a deltaretrovirus that like HIV infects CD4+ T-cells. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article The authors investigated the ability of HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy from early childhood to generate effective HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses that would facilitate future immune-based cure therapies. [AIDS] Abstract NKB cells were quantified in both naïve and lentivirus infected rhesus macaques and humans by excluding lineage markers, and positive Boolean gating for CD20+, NKG2A/C and/or NKp46. NKB cell frequencies expanded in PBMC and colon during SIV infection, as did IgG expression, but were generally unaltered in HIV-infected humans. [AIDS] Abstract Scientists examined EBV-specific memory T cells for their ability to cross-react with CMV or influenza A virus–derived epitopes. Following T cell immunoassays to determine phenotype and function, complemented with biophysical and structural investigations of peptide/HLA complexes, they did not detect cross-reactivity of EBV-specific memory T cells toward either CMV or influenza A virus epitopes presented by any of the selected HLA allomorphs. [J Immunol] Abstract Evidence of CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Immune Pressure on the Hepatitis C Virus Genome Hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequence and host genotype from a single source HCV genotype 1B cohort were analyzed to identify viral changes associated with specific human leucocyte antigen class II alleles, as these variable host molecules determine the set of viral peptides presented to CD4+ T cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators constructed an attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 strain M3 through the partial deletion of UL7, UL41, and the latency-associated transcript using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Neutralization testing and ELISpot detection of the specific T-cell responses confirmed the specific immunity induced by M3 immunization and this immunity defended against the challenges of the wild-type strain and restricted the entry of the wild-type strain into the trigeminal ganglion. [Viruses] Full Article Using different mouse strains, researchers showed that MVATG18598 vaccination results in both Th1-associated T-cell responses and cytolytic activity, targeting all ten vaccine-expressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. [PLoS One] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSInfluenza Vaccines: ‘Tailor-Made’ or ‘One Fits All’ The authors discuss the immune responses induced by conventional ‘tailor-made’ inactivated and live influenza vaccines and novel ‘one fits all’ candidate vaccines able to induce cross-reactive virus-specific antibody and T cell responses and to afford protection to a wider range of influenza viruses. [Curr Opin Immunol] Abstract Immune Ecosystem of Virus-Infected Host Tissues Researchers present past and present updates of immune-ecological components of virus infected host tissue and explain how viruses subvert the host immune surveillances. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSOU-Led Research Team Accelerating Antibiotic Discovery University of Oklahoma (OU) professors, Helen Zgurskaya and Valentin Rybenkov, and team are addressing the challenge and critical need for new antibiotics that can fight infections caused by the multi-drug resistant bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The OU team responded to a special request for applications from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and received a five-year, $5.7 million grant to develop new, more effective approaches against Gram-negative bacteria that are protected by multi-drug efflux pumps and low-permeability membranes. [The University of Oklahoma] Press Release Provention Bio, Inc. announced that it has selected Netherlands-based Intravacc to lead product development and manufacturing of clinical trial material for Provention’s coxsackievirus B vaccine. [Provention Bio, Inc.] Press Release FDA Grants PaxVax Fast Track Designation for Its Chikungunya Vaccine PaxVax announced that it has received Fast Track designation from the FDA for its vaccine for the prevention of disease caused by the chikungunya virus. [PaxVax] Press Release SIGA Technologies Announces Favorable Outcome of Advisory Committee In Support of TPOXX® SIGA Technologies, Inc. announced a favorable outcome of the FDA Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee meeting on oral TPOXX®, a small molecule antiviral treatment for smallpox. [SIGA Technologies Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSAustralian Budget Delivers for Science Facilities and Medical Research The government will push to invest almost Aus$1.9 billion (US$1.4 billion) over the next 12 years in shared research infrastructure — such as microscopes, supercomputers, a marine observing system and telescopes used in myriad disciplines, from nanotechnology to oceanography. Medical research will receive an increase of $1.3 billion, to be spent on various programs and initiatives over 10 years that improve health and boost the medical industry, including $500 million for a genomics and precision-medicine initiative. [Nature News] Editorial Animal Tests Surge under New U.S. Chemical Safety Law The cause of the increase isn’t clear. But the new law imposes stricter requirements on a broader array of chemicals than its predecessor, including both new products and ones already on the market, and experts say Environmental Protection Agency staff may be trying to comply by gathering more test data from companies. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Basic Scientists Still Feel Pinch of New NIH Clinical Trial Policy Basic researchers who study the brain and human behavior thought lawmakers had come to their rescue in March by blocking the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from redefining their studies as clinical trials. But NIH officials are still pushing ahead with new requirements that scientists say make no sense and will cripple their research. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Petition Asks National Academy of Sciences to Boot Sexual Harassers An online petition calling on the National Academy of Sciences to revoke memberships bestowed on people sanctioned for sexual harassment has garnered more than 250 signatures since it was posted on May 1. [The Scientist] Editorial Harassment Should Count as Scientific Misconduct Research culture and policies are quick to denounce plagiarism, data fabrication and mismanagement of funds, yet we have too long ignored the mistreatment of people. Science is a social endeavor; ignoring harassment perpetuates a culture in which people who experience or witness hostile behaviors are afraid to speak up, cannot do their best work, or leave science altogether. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (ACAAI) 2018 Annual Scientific Meeting Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESResearch Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Faculty Positions – Infectious Disease Research (Institut Pasteur of Shanghai) Postdoctoral Research Fellow/Junior Scientist – Pathogen Genomics (Fudan University) Postdoctoral Associate – Infectious Disease (Research Foundation for SUNY) Director of Biomarkers & Assays – Infectious Diseases Research (Moderna Therapeutics) Research Associate – Vaccine Research (University of Bristol) Senior Research Associate – Infectious Disease (Moderna Therapeutics) Assistant/Associate Professor – Virology (Saint Louis University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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