Immunology of Infectious Disease News 6.36 September 12, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYTracing HIV-1 Strains that Imprint Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses Scientists analyzed the influence of viral antigens in shaping antibody responses in humans. They called the ability of a virus strain to induce similar antibody responses across different hosts its antibody-imprinting capacity, which from an evolutionary biology perspective corresponds to the viral heritability of the antibody responses. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Using patient-derived unmodified Zika viruses (ZIKV) infecting primary human macrophages, investigators revealed that ZIKV suppresses host transcription by multiple mechanisms. ZIKV infection causes both targeted suppression of type I interferon responses and general suppression by reducing RNA polymerase II protein levels and DNA occupancy. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article | Press Release Scientists conducted an experimental depletion of CD4+ T-cells in eight ART-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques to determine whether the homeostatically-driven CD4+ T-cell proliferation that follows CD4+ T-cell depletion results in reactivation of latent virus and/or expansion of the virus reservoir. [J Virol] Abstract Since the effect of interleukin (IL)-27 treatment in human myeloid cells infected with bacteria is understudied, researchers treated human monocytes and macrophages with IL-27 and either LPS, flagellin, or bacteria, to investigate the effect on inflammatory signaling and cytokine responses. [Sci Rep] Full Article Interleukin-17D and Nrf2 Mediate Initial Innate Immune Cell Recruitment and Restrict MCMV Infection Investigators showed that early immune cell accumulation at the peritoneal site of infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is mediated by IL-17D. [Sci Rep] Full Article Researchers compared pulmonary mucosal-associated invariant T cells and peptide-specific CD4 T cell responses in Mtb-infected rhesus macaques using 5-OP-RU loaded rmMR-1 tetramers and intracellular cytokine staining of CD4 T cells following restimulation with an Mtb-derived epitope megapool, respectively. [Infect Immun] Abstract Investigators assessed the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and their correlation with CD4+ T-cells among HIV-infected patients in an HBV endemic area. [PLoS One] Full Article The authors demonstrated recovery from infection was associated with development of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that can kill porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected target cells. [PLoS One] Full Article Host Resistance to Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Requires CD153 Expression Researchers showed that the tumor-necrosis factor superfamily molecule CD153 was required for control of pulmonary M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by CD4 T cells. In Mtb-infected mice, CD153 expression was highest on Mtb-specific T helper 1 (TH1) cells in the lung tissue parenchyma, but its induction did not require TH1 cell polarization. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract | Press Release The authors found that reactive persulfides produced by Salmonella typhimurium LT2 regulate macrophage autophagy via metabolizing 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, an electrophilic product of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signaling. [Cell Chem Biol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSOperation of Mitochondrial Machinery in Viral Infection-Induced Immune Responses Scientists provide a comprehensive review of the roles and mechanisms of mitochondrial machineries in immunity, viral infections and related antiviral therapeutics. [Biochem Pharmacol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSGilead Sciences and Precision BioSciences announced that the companies have entered into a strategic collaboration to develop therapies targeting the in vivo elimination of hepatitis B virus with Precision’s proprietary genome editing platform, ARCUS. [Gilead Sciences] Press Release Cyclenium Pharma Inc. and Haplogen Bioscience GmbH announced the awarding of the internationally-recognized EUREKA label in recognition of the high degree of innovation and market potential for their joint program on the development of pan-flaviviral pharmaceuticals. [Cyclenium Pharma Inc.] Press Release Early Stage Clinical Trial of Antimalarial Drug Begins Enrollment has begun in a Phase I clinical trial to test the safety of a new investigational drug designed to treat malaria, as well as its effect on the human body. [National Institutes of Health] Press Release Kineta Initiates First-in-Human Clinical Trial of LHF-535 a Novel Therapy for Lassa Fever Kineta, Inc. announced the initiation of a first-in-human, Phase Ia clinical trial of its antiviral drug LHF-535 to treat Lassa hemorrhagic fever. [Kineta, Inc.] Press Release UC Davis Receives $1 Million from Keck Foundation following Virus Discovery Researchers at the University of California, Davis and the University of Alberta have made preliminary discoveries about how Zika and hepatitis C viruses reproduce at the cellular level, providing new insight into a family of viruses that also includes West Nile and dengue. Now their cutting-edge research will be supported by a $1 million grant from the prestigious W.M. Keck Foundation. [UC Davis] Press Release TechnoVax Awarded $1.5 Million NIH Grant to Further Develop a Universal VLP-Based Influenza Vaccine TechnoVax, Inc. received a two-year $1,481,000 SBIR-II grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health to support a TechnoVax program to further develop a broadly protective virus-like particle (VLP) based influenza vaccine utilizing its proprietary and patented VLP technology. [TechnoVax, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSPivotal CRISPR Patent Battle Won by Broad Institute The US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit awarded the pivotal intellectual property to the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, upholding a previous decision by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The decision spells defeat for a team of inventors at the University of California, Berkeley, led by molecular biologist Jennifer Doudna. [Nature News] Editorial Peer Reviewers Unmasked: Largest Global Survey Reveals Trends Scientists in developed countries provide nearly three times as many peer reviews per paper submitted as researchers in emerging nations, according to the largest ever survey of the practice. [Nature News] Editorial Peer Reviewers in Developing Nations Are Underrepresented, Report Suggests Combined, scientists spend nearly 70 million hours peer reviewing manuscripts for scholarly journals every year, a new report says. But too much of the onus rests on researchers in wealthy countries, according to the report by the company Publons—based in London and Wellington—which enables researchers to track and claim credit for the peer reviews they perform. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposia: Tuberculosis – Mechanisms, Pathogenesis and Treatment Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Research Associate – Virus Research (University of Glasgow) NEW Associate/Full Specialist – Host-Pathogen Interactions (University of California, San Francisco) NEW Graduate Training Program – RNA & Infection (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) Postdoctoral Researcher – Infection Medicine (Karolinska Institutet) Postdoctoral Position – Pneumonia (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) PhD Positions – Infection Biology and Immunology (ZIBI Graduate School Berlin) Postdoctoral Scholar – Hepatitis B Infection (The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine) Postdoctoral Scientist – Infection and Immunity (Charite – Universitatsmedizin Berlin) PhD Student/Postdoctoral Position – Infection and Cancer Immunology (Heinrich-Heine University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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