Immunology of Infectious Disease News 6.48 December 5, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYThe Establishment of Resident Memory B Cells in the Lung Requires Local Antigen Encounter Researchers showed that pulmonary influenza infection elicited lung-resident memory B cells that were phenotypically and functionally distinct from their systemic counterparts. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Scientists describe two distinct pathways that coordinately control inflammasome activation during A. fumigatus infection. The C-type lectin receptor pathway activated both MAPK and NF-κB signaling, which led to induction of downstream mediators, such as the transcription factor IRF1, and also primed the inflammasomes. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract Fc-Dependent Functions Are Redundant to Efficacy of Anti-HIV Antibody PGT121 in Macaques Investigators found that both WT and LALA PGT121 completely protected all 12 macaques studied. Further, partial depletion of NK cells, key mediators of Fc-dependent functions, did not abrogate the protective efficacy of PGT121 in 6 macaques. [J Clin Invest] Full Article Researchers showed an IL-10-producing population with a robust Tfh-signature. Using IL-10 and IL-21 double-reporter mice, they further demonstrated that IL-10+IL-21+co-producing Tfh cells arise predominantly during chronic but not acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. [Nat Commun] Full Article Selective Expansion of Myeloid and NK Cells in Humanized Mice Yields Human-Like Vaccine Responses By taking advantage of the highly immunogenic live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine YFV-17D, the authors provide an in-depth comparison of immune responses in human vaccinees, conventional humanized mice, and second generation humanized mice. [Nat Commun] Full Article Polysaccharide Structure Dictates Mechanism of Adaptive Immune Response to Glycoconjugate Vaccines All of the glycoconjugates tested induced carbohydrate-specific helper CD4+ T cell-dependent responses except that made with group C Neisseria meningitidis; in the latter case, only peptides generated from the carrier protein were critical for helper T cell recognition. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Emphysema results in destruction of alveolar walls and enlargement of lung airspaces and has been shown to develop during helminth infections through IL-4R-independent mechanisms. Scientists examined whether interleukin 17A may instead modulate development of emphysematous pathology in mice infected with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Using the rhesus macaque model, the authors demonstrated the systemic distribution of Δg natural killer (NK) cells expressing memory features, including downregulated Helios and Eomes. Furthermore, they found that Δg NK cells abandon typical γ-chain/Syk in lieu of CD3ζ-Zap70 signaling. [Cell Rep] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Researchers showed that clinical strains of K. pneumoniae have dissimilar mechanisms for surviving within macrophages; these mechanisms include modulation of microbicidal mediators and cell death. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article The mechanisms by which O. ostertagi influences bovine neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation were investigated. O. ostertagi larval soluble extract was able to induce typical NETs by purified neutrophils in vitro, confirmed by co-localization of extracellular DNA with typical NET-associated proteins histone and neutrophil elastase. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators found that interleukin (IL)-10-producing B cells (B10 cells) were significantly increased in tuberculosis patients. Furthermore, mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan, a major surface lipoglycan component from M. tuberculosis, induced a significant increase in B10 cells, which enriched in CD5+ B1a B cells. [iScience] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSFast Tracks and Roadblocks for Zika Vaccines The authors focus on how the inconspicuous virus managed to spread, the key immunological factors required for a vaccine and the various vaccine platforms that are currently being studied. [Vaccine] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSGilead Sciences, Inc. announced that the National Medical Products Administration has approved Harvoni® in China for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1-6 infection in adults and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. [Gilead Sciences, Inc.] Press Release Gilead Sciences, Inc. announced that the China National Medical Products Administration has approved Descovy®, a fixed-dose combination for the treatment of HIV. [Gilead Sciences, Inc.] Press Release Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the dosing of the first patient in a Phase II combination trial to evaluate MedImmune’s MEDI0457 in combination with durvalumab targeting a broad array of cancers associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV). [Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSGovernment Loyalist Appointed New UK Science Minister as Brexit Woes Continue Amid the carnage of Brexit, the UK government has gained a new science minister. Chris Skidmore was appointed on 5 December, succeeding Sam Gyimah, who resigned last week over the direction of Brexit negotiations. [Nature News] Editorial Researchers Sign Petition Backing Plans to End Paywalls More than 1,400 researchers have signed an online letter backing the principles of Plan S, the bold open-access initiative led by research agencies who say that, by 2020, papers resulting from their funding should be immediately free to read on publication. [Nature News] Editorial Trump Emphasizes Workforce Training in New Vision for Stem Education The U.S. government needs to partner with industry and community organizations to train more Americans for jobs in an increasingly high-tech work environment. That’s the key message in a new 5-year strategic plan for science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education released by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposia: Origins of Allergic Disease NEW Keystone Symposia: HIV Vaccines Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESResearch Group Leader – Infection Biology (Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology) Postdoctoral Position – Natural Killer Cells (The Scripps Research Institute) Research Scientist – Virology (ViraTherapeutics GmbH) Postdoctoral Research Associate – Bacterial Infection (University of Illinois at Chicago) Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Modeling Infection (Columbia University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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