Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 6.49 | Dec 12 2018

TOP STORY

Salmonella Persist in Activated Macrophages in T Cell-Sparse Granulomas but Are Contained by Surrounding CXCR3 Ligand-Positioned Th1 Cells

Salmonella enterica (Se) bacteria cause persistent intracellular infections while stimulating a robust interferon-γ-producing CD4⁺ T (Th1) cell response. Scientists addressed this paradox of concomitant infection and immunity by tracking fluorescent Se organisms in mice. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Live-Attenuated Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine Does Not Induce HIV Target Cell Activation

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-seropositive healthy Kenyan women were immunized with high dose live-attenuated VZV vaccine, and the expression of immune activation markers including CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4 T cells isolated from blood, cervix and rectum, markers of cell migration and tissue retention and the concentration of genital and intestinal cytokines were assessed. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Subdominance and Poor Intrinsic Immunogenicity Limit Humoral Immunity Targeting Influenza HA-Stem

Scientists examined hemagglutinin (HA)-stem-specific B cell and T-follicular helper cell responses in the context of influenza infection and immunization in mouse and monkey models. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Full Article

Role of NS1 Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Acute Secondary Dengue Infection

Researchers investigated the immunoglobulin responses of patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever to NS1. Antibody responses to recombinant-NS1 were assessed in serum samples throughout illness of patients with acute secondary DENV1 and DENV2 infection by ELISA. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Single Human B Cell-Derived Monoclonal Anti-Candida Antibodies Enhance Phagocytosis and Protect against Disseminated Candidiasis

Investigators generated a unique set of fully human anti-Candida monoclonal antibodies with diagnostic and therapeutic potential by expressing recombinant antibodies from genes cloned from the B cells of patients suffering from candidiasis. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

Organ-Specific Fate, Recruitment, and Refilling Dynamics of Tissue-Resident Macrophages during Blood-Stage Malaria

Using a model of systemic blood-stage malaria, the authors studied the dynamics of tissue-resident macrophages in multiple organs to determine how they are depleted and refilled during the course of disease. They showed that Plasmodium infection resulted in a transient loss of embryonically established resident macrophages prior to the parasitemia peak. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Slc6a13 Deficiency Promotes Th17 Responses during Intestinal Bacterial Infection

In a mouse model of intestinal infection and inflammation, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter (GAT)-2 deficiency promoted Th17 responses. Collectively, GAT-2 deficiency promoted Th17 cell responses through activation of GABA–mTOR signaling. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

T Cell-Derived Lymphotoxin Limits Th1 Response during HSV-1 Infection

In HSV-1 infection, scientists observed that lymphotoxin (LT)βR signaling was required to limit the type I helper T (Th1) response. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, mixed-T-cell chimeric mice, and LTβR in vivo blockades, they unexpectedly observed that LT, especially T cell-derived LT, played an indispensable role in limiting the Th1 response. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Strain Infection in Macaques Results in High Bacilli Burdens in Airways, Driving Broad Innate/Adaptive Immune Responses

Macaques were infected with MDR strain V791 and a drug-sensitive Erdman strain of TB. MDR bacilli burdens in the airway were significantly higher than those of the Erdman control after pulmonary exposure. This productive MDR strain infection upregulated the expression of caspase 3 in macrophages/monocytes and induced appreciable innate-like effector responses of CD3-negative lymphocytes and Ag-specific γδ T-cell subsets. [Emerg Microbes Infect] Full Article

Zika Virus Infection in Human Placental Tissue Explants Is Enhanced in the Presence of Dengue Virus Antibodies In Vitro

Researchers studied Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in placental tissue in the presence of dengue virus (DENV)-immune sera. Explants from the amniochorionic membrane, the chorionic villi, and the maternal decidua were infected with ZIKV in the presence of DENV type 1-, 2-, or 4-immune sera, or controls. [Emerg Microbes Infect] Full Article

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Autophagy in the Renewal, Differentiation and Homeostasis of Immune Cells

The authors review the crucial functions of autophagy in controlling the differentiation and homeostasis of multiple immune cell types and discuss the potential mechanisms involved. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

Merck and Instituto Butantan Announce Collaboration Agreement to Develop Vaccines to Protect against Dengue Infections

Merck and Instituto Butantan announced a collaboration agreement to develop vaccines to protect against dengue virus disease, the mosquito-borne infection. [Merck & Co., Inc.] Press Release

VBI Vaccines Enters into License and Collaboration Agreement with Brii Biosciences for up to $129 Million plus Royalties to Develop a Functional Cure for Hepatitis B

VBI Vaccines Inc. announced that it entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Brii Biosciences for the development of a functional cure for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection, using VBI’s recombinant, protein-based immuno-therapeutic, VBI-2601. [VBI Vaccines Inc.] Press Release

Tychan Begins Phase I Trials for First Ever Yellow Fever Drug

Tychan announced that its first-in-class candidate drug for the treatment of Yellow Fever received investigatory new drug regulatory approval from Health Sciences Authority of Singapore to evaluate safety and tolerability. [Tychan (PR Newswire Association, LLC.)] Press Release

Ebola Vaccine Is Having ‘Major Impact’ but Worries about Congo Outbreak Grow

As an Ebola outbreak in a conflict-plagued region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to spread after 4 months, there’s a glimmer of hope: An experimental Ebola vaccine appears to be helping the communities it reaches. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Global Funding for Tuberculosis Research Hits All-Time High

Global spending on tuberculosis research hit a high in 2017, according to a report released on 3 December. Investment reached US$772 million, up from $726 million in 2016, says the report, from the activist organization Treatment Action Group in New York City. [Nature News] Editorial

Lawsuit Alleges NIH, FDA Let Clinical Trial Sponsors Off the Hook

A former top official at the FDA and a longtime science journalist are suing the agency and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), saying they let clinical trial sponsors off the hook for reporting nearly a decade’s worth of important scientific data. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW 5^th Annual Summer Institute – Infectious Diseases and Global Health
June 10-21, 2019
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

NEW Vaccines and Immunology Meeting
July 17-19, 2019
New York, New York, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Senior Scientist – Immunology (Public Health England)

Director – Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection (Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science)

PhD Position – Cellular and Molecular Determinants of T Cell Responses to CMV Infection (Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and Infection (Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine)

Research Group Leader – Infection Biology (Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology)

Postdoctoral Position – Natural Killer Cells (The Scripps Research Institute)

Research Scientist – Virology (ViraTherapeutics GmbH)

Postdoctoral Training Fellow – Inflammation during Infection and Sterile Inflammatory Disease (The Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Bacterial Infection (University of Illinois at Chicago)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Host Cell-Mediated Immunity against HIV Infection (Temple University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Modeling Infection (Columbia University)

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