Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.24 | Jun 26 2019

TOP STORY

Interferon-λ Modulates Dendritic Cells to Facilitate T Cell Immunity during Infection with Influenza A Virus

Scientists found that type III interferon signaling in dendritic cell populations was critical for the development of protective influenza A virus-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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Identification of HIV Transmitting CD11c⁺ Human Epidermal Dendritic Cells

Langerhans cells are thought to be the only mononuclear phagocyte population in the epidermis where they detect pathogens. Researchers showed that CD11c⁺ dendritic cells (DCs) were also present. These cells were transcriptionally similar to dermal cDC2 but were more efficient antigen-presenting cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

IL-33 Drives Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Protection during Clostridium difficile Infection

The authors demonstrated that IL-33 prevents C. difficile-associated mortality and epithelial disruption independently of bacterial burden or toxin expression. IL-33 drove colonic group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation during infection and IL-33 activated ILC2s were sufficient to prevent disease. [Nat Commun] Full Article

The Lectin-Specific Activity of Toxoplasma gondii Microneme Proteins 1 and 4 Binds Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 N-Glycans to Regulate Innate Immune Priming

Investigators showed that recombinant microneme protein 1 (rMIC1)- and rMIC4-stimulated dendritic cells and macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and they did so by engaging TLR2 and TLR4. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

NK Cell-Intrinsic FcεRIγ Limits CD8⁺ T-Cell Expansion and Thereby Turns an Acute into a Chronic Viral Infection

Scientists found that the lack of γ subunit of immunoglobulin Fc receptor (FcRγ) on natural killer cells limited their ability to restrain virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells and that the lack of FcRγ in mice lacking the Fc-receptor common gamma chain led to enhanced CD8⁺ T-cell responses and rapid control of the chronic docile strain of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Bromodomain Inhibitor I‐BET151 Suppresses Immune Responses during Fungal-Immune Interaction

Researchers assessed the in vitro efficacy of the small molecular histone mimic bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor I‐BET151 to modulate innate immune responses during fungal-immune interaction with the clinically relevant fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. [Eur J Immunol] Full Article

Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Quadrivalent HCV VLP Vaccine in Pigs following Microneedle Delivery

Investigators demonstrated that intradermal microneedle vaccination of pigs with their quadrivalent HCV virus like particle (VLP) based vaccine produced long-lived multi-genotype specific and neutralizing antibody responses together with strong T cell and granzyme B responses and normal Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Delayed Development of the Protective IL-17A Response following a Giardia muris Infection in Neonatal Mice

The authors investigated the dynamics of a G. muris infection and the subsequent host immune response in neonatal mice infected four days after birth. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Mimicking Immune Signatures of Flavivirus Infection with Targeted Adjuvants Improves Dengue Subunit Vaccine Immunogenicity

Investigators profiled the early immune responses to flaviviruses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and screened a panel of toll-like receptor agonists that stimulated the same immune signatures. [npj Vaccines] Full Article

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Mast Cells in Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infection Immunity

The authors discuss recent studies focused on mast cell interactions with flaviviruses and Candida albicans, and mast cell function in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

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Halozyme Announces CRADA with National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for Use of ENHANZE^® Drug Delivery Technology

Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. announced a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ Vaccine Research Center (VRC) enabling the VRC’s use of Halozyme’s ENHANZE^® drug delivery technology to develop subcutaneous formulations of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV for HIV treatment. [Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

UIC’s Institute for Tuberculosis Research Tapped to Support $28 Million Drug Discovery Project

The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) will work with TB Alliance to help find new drug treatments for tuberculosis, a bacterial infection considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. [The University of Illinois at Chicago] Press Release

ILiAD Biotechnologies Announces First Patient Enrolled in BPZE1 Pertussis Vaccine Multicenter Phase IIb Clinical Trial

The first subject was enrolled in ILiAD Biotechnologies IB-200P multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, and observer-blinded study of BPZE1, a live attenuated intranasal pertussis vaccine. [ILiAD Biotechnologies, LLC (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

University Distinguished Professor X.J. Meng Awarded Nearly $2 Million NIH Grant Renewal

With a new, five-year National Institutes of Health RO1 grant totaling nearly $2 million — Meng’s third successful competing renewal — the molecular virologist and his team in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology are aiming to strengthen their life-altering research on hepatitis E virus. [Virginia Tech] Press Release

Scientists Race to Build Vaccine for African Swine Fever

The devastating outbreak of the disease that has led to millions of pig deaths in East Asia has intensified efforts to develop a vaccine quickly, but the virus presents several challenges that are yet to be overcome. [The Scientist] Press Release

US Advisory Panel Stops Short of Broad Recommendations for Two Common Vaccines

An expert group that provides guidance on US vaccine policy recommended that decisions on the use of two vaccines — one against bacteria that cause pneumonia and one against human papillomavirus — be left to patients and their doctors, stopping short of blanket recommendations from the panel itself. [STAT News] Editorial

As Ebola Outbreak Rages, Plan to Test Second Vaccine Sparks Debate

When the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared its 10^th Ebola outbreak in August 2018, it had one weapon that was unavailable during the previous nine: a highly effective vaccine, produced by Merck & Co. Ten months later, health workers have administered some 130,000 doses, yet the epidemic is still raging; it is now the second largest in history, with more than 1500 deaths. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

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