Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.35 | Sep 11 2019

TOP STORY

Evaluation of an Antibody to α₄β₇ in the Control of SIVmac239-nef-stop Infection

Treatment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques with short-term antiretroviral therapy and partially overlapping infusions of antibody to integrin α₄β₇ was reported to induce durable posttreatment viral suppression. Researchers treated macaques infected with the same virus and with the same antiretroviral therapy and monoclonal antibody regimens. [Science] Full Article

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Antibiotics-Driven Gut Microbiome Perturbation Alters Immunity to Vaccines in Humans

Scientists administered broad-spectrum antibiotics to healthy adults prior and subsequent to seasonal influenza vaccination. Despite a 10,000-fold reduction in gut bacterial load and long-lasting diminution in bacterial diversity, antibody responses were not significantly affected. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Editorial | Graphical Abstract

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Modulates Tumor Immunity

The authors demonstrated that P. anaerobius adhered to the colorectal cancer (CRC) mucosa and accelerated CRC development in Apc^Min/+ mice. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract

TNF-α/IFN-γ Profile of HBV-Specific CD4 T Cells Is Associated with Liver Damage and Viral Clearance in Chronic HBV Infection

TNF-α producing cells were the dominant population in patients’ hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4 T cells. In patients with alanine aminotransferase < 2 × upper limit of normal, both the frequency and the dominance of HBV-specific IFN-γ producing CD4 T cells increased sequentially in patients with elevated levels of viral clearance: HBeAg positive, HBeAg negative, and HBsAg negative. [J Hepatol] Abstract

Multilamellar Vaccine Particle Elicits Potent Immune Activation with Protein Antigens and Protects Mice against Ebola Virus Infection

The authors developed a multilamellar vaccine particle system composed of lipid-hyaluronic acid multi-crosslinked hybrid nanoparticles for vaccination with protein antigens and demonstrated their efficacy against Ebola virus exposure. [ACS Nano] Abstract

Circadian Control of Lung Inflammation in Influenza Infection

Investigators showed that endogenous rhythms affect survival in influenza infection. Better survival was associated with a time dependent preponderance of NK and NKT cells and lower proportion of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. [Nat Commun] Full Article

The Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1 Upregulates the Cellular Antioxidant Defense to Enable B-Cell Growth Transformation and Immortalization

Mut-T homolog 1 (MTH1), 8-oxoguanine-glycosylase-1, and mut-Y homolog were upregulated upon Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary B-cells and treatment with MTH1 inhibitors prevented B-cell immortalization. [Oncogene] Abstract

Schistosoma mansoni Soluble Egg Antigen (SEA) and Recombinant Omega-1 Modulate Induced CD4⁺ T-Lymphocyte Responses and HIV-1 Infection In Vitro

Scientists analyzed the effects that soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma mansoni had on modulating HIV-1 infection and cytokine/chemokine production in vitro. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Anti-HIV Potency of T-Cell Responses Elicited by Dendritic Cell Therapeutic Vaccination

Researchers report the characterization of HIV-specific T-cell responses in combination antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-1 infected patients after vaccination with ex vivo-generated IFNα dendritic cells loaded with LIPO-5. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

A Versatile Platform Technology for Recombinant Vaccines Using Non-Propagative Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Vector

The BC-parainfluenza virus (PIV) vector harboring the Ebola virus GP gene was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice. In addition, BC-PIV with antigenic epitopes of both melanoma gp100 and WT1 tumor antigen induced a CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated response in tumor-transplanted syngeneic mice. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Expression of CD300lf by Microglia Contributes to Resistance to Cerebral Malaria by Impeding the Neuroinflammation

B6.WLA-Berr2 mice showed a reduced parasite sequestration and blood-brain barrier disruption with low CXCR3⁺ T cell infiltration in the brain along with altered glial cell response upon P. berghei ANKA infection compared to C57BL/6JR. [Genes Immun] Abstract

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Norovirus Encounters in the Gut: Multifaceted Interactions and Disease Outcomes

The highlight intriguing data supporting the possible involvement of norovirus in sequelae including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, and describe the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved in control of both human and murine norovirus infection. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

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Pneumagen Ltd Demonstrates Preclinical Proof-of-Concept for Neumifil^™ in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Pneumagen Ltd announced in vivo data on its lead product, Neumifil^™, generated from its proprietary GlycoTarge platform. [Pneumagen Ltd] Press Release

FDA Grants Fast Track Status to Amplyx Pharmaceuticals for IV and Oral Formulations of Fosmanogepix (APX001) for Seven Different Indications

Amplyx Pharmaceuticals announced that the FDA has granted Fast Track designations for both the intravenous (IV) and oral formulations of the company’s lead antifungal candidate, fosmanogepix, for seven indications. [Amplyx Pharmaceuticals] Press Release

Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP Announces Receipt of Breakthrough Therapy Designation from FDA for mAb114

Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP announced that the FDA has recently granted mAb114, an experimental treatment for Ebola, Breakthrough Therapy designation. [Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

NIAID Officials Call for Innovative Research on Sexually Transmitted Infections

In a new article in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, experts from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) suggest that the biomedical research community must refocus its commitment to STI research to surmount this growing global health crisis. [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] Editorial

Azar, Other Top Trump Officials to Travel to DRC to Assess Ebola Crisis

Health secretary Alex Azar and a sizable delegation of other Trump administration officials plan to travel to the region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) struggling to address a long-running Ebola outbreak, a show of political force meant to signal US support for the response effort. [STAT News] Editorial

Exclusive: Behind the Front Lines of the Ebola Wars

How the World Health Organization is battling bullets, politics and a deadly virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW NF-kB, JAK-STAT & MAPK in Health, Disease & Therapy
October 7-11, 2019
Suzhou, China

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NEW Assistant Professor – Microbiology and Immunology (Stanford University School of Medicine)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Respiratory Pathogens (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Senior Investigator and Laboratory Chief – Infectious Diseases (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Senior Scientist – Infectious Disease (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Director – Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (Gladstone Institutes)

Innovation Scholar – Neglected Diseases (Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Influenza (University of Georgia)

Senior Staff Fellow – Viral Vaccines (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)

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