Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.36 | Sep 18 2019

TOP STORY

Heme and Hemoglobin Utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Scientists demonstrated that the substrate-binding protein DppA of the inner membrane Dpp transporter was required for heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Lung Endothelial Cell Antigen Cross-Presentation to CD8⁺T Cells Drives Malaria-Associated Lung Injury

Researchers confirmed that depleting CD8⁺T cells with anti-CD8β antibodies in C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA prevented pulmonary vascular leakage. [Nat Commun] Full Article

A VP35 Mutant Ebola Virus Lacks Virulence but Can Elicit Protective Immunity to Wild-Type Virus Challenge

When inoculated into cynomolgus macaques, mutant VP35 virus exhibited dramatic attenuation as compared to wild-type Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), with 20 or 300 times the standard 100% lethal challenge dose not causing EBOV disease. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Mapping the Lineage Relationship between CXCR5⁺ and CXCR5^– CD4⁺ T Cells in HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes

Integrated analyses on the phenotypic heterogeneity, functional capacity, T cell receptor repertoire, transcriptional profile, and epigenetic state of CXCR5^–PD-1⁺ICOS⁺ T cells revealed a shared clonal relationship with follicular helper T cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

RACK1 Mediates Rewiring of Intracellular Networks Induced by Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Depletion of Receptor for Activated Protein C Kinase 1 (RACK1) strongly inhibited Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication without affecting HCV internal ribosome entry site activity. RACK1 was required for the rewiring of subcellular membranous structures and for the induction of autophagy. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Mucosal CD8⁺ T Cell Responses Induced by an MCMV Based Vaccine Vector Confer Protection against Influenza Challenge

Investigators demonstrated that the protective effect exerted by intranasal immunization was critically mediated by antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Tissue-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells promoted the induction of IFNγ and chemokines that facilitated the recruitment of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells to the lungs. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

The Reduction of miR146b-5p in Monocytes and T Cells Could Contribute to the Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

The authors identified the HCV-specific miRNAs that could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of HCV by using clinical samples and in vitro analysis. Five miRNAs were shown to be significantly downregulated in CH-C by deep sequence analysis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Rhinovirus-Induced IFNβ Expression Is NFκB-Dependent and Regulated by the Macrophage Microenvironment

Murine bone marrow-derived monocytes and human differentiated THP-1 cells were stimulated with M-CSF or GM-CSF and IFNγ or IL-4/IL-13, respectively, to mimic a Th1 or Th2 environment. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Profiles Correlate with Clinical Symptoms and Parameters of Hemostasis and Inflammation in a Controlled Human Malaria Infection

A panel of cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta, and markers of activation of hemostasis and endothelial cells were measured in blood samples of 15 volunteers at baseline before controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and during CHMI at day of treatment. [Cytokine] Full Article

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Immunological Lessons from Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Development

The authors discuss the storied history of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development, immunological lessons learned along the way, and critical findings about protein structure that remodeled our understanding of protective immunity to this important pathogen. [Immunity] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

Immutep Announces Japanese Patent Grant for LAG525 Antibody

Immutep Limited announced the grant of patent no. 6576962 entitled “Antibody molecules to LAG-3 and uses thereof” by the Japanese Patent Office. The claims of the patent are directed to LAG525, and to the use of LAG525 in the treatment of cancer and infectious disease. [Immutep Limited] Press Release

$6.5M Grant to Take Next Step towards Polio-Free World

In a collaboration with PATH and Bio Farma, Batavia Biosciences is currently producing attenuated and safe novel oral polio vaccine (nOPV) candidates in its Good Manufacturing Practices facility. The nOPV2 vaccine to be developed under the grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the first nOPV vaccine to go through clinical development, to be followed by vaccines for nOPV1 and nOPV3. [Batavia Biosciences B.V.] Press Release

Senate Bill Would Give NIH $3 Billion in 2020, or 7.7% Boost

A Senate spending panel today released a draft 2020 spending bill containing a hefty $3 billion increase for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that would bring the agency’s total budget to $42.1 billion. That 7.7% boost is $1 billion more than a House of Representatives committee approved in its version of the bill in April, and would amount to a 40% increase in NIH’s budget over the past 5 years. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial

New Deals Could Help Scientific Societies Survive Open Access

A project that included funders backing Plan S, the European-led effort to speed the transition to open access, released a set of contract templates and tips meant to help small, independent publishers reach deals with libraries that would eventually eliminate subscriptions while protecting revenue. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 9^th International Conference on Autoimmunity: Mechanisms and Novel Treatments
October 12-17, 2019
Chania, Greece

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Faculty Position – Life Sciences (University of Michigan)

NEW Staff Clinician – Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Assistant Professor – Microbiology and Immunology (Stanford University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Respiratory Pathogens (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Senior Investigator and Laboratory Chief – Infectious Diseases (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Senior Scientist – Infectious Disease (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Director – Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (Gladstone Institutes)

Innovation Scholar – Neglected Diseases (Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research)

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