Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.47 | Dec 4 2019

TOP STORY

Overexpression of T-Bet in HIV Infection Is Associated with Accumulation of B Cells outside Germinal Centers and Poor Affinity Maturation

Confocal microscopy and quantitative imaging revealed that T-bet^hi B cells in lymph nodes of HIV-infected chronically viremic individuals distinctly accumulated outside germinal centers, which are critical for optimal antibody responses. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

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Evolution of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Women with Acute Zika Virus Infection

The authors comprehensively assessed the acute innate and adaptive immune response to Zika virus infection in ten women who were recruited during early infection and followed through reconvalescence. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract

MAIT Cells Are Major Contributors to the Cytokine Response in Group A Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Scientists provide evidence that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were major contributors to the overall cytokine response elicited by group A streptococci. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Epstein-Barr Virus EBER1 and Murine Gammaherpesvirus TMER4 Share Conserved In Vivo Function to Promote B Cell Egress and Dissemination

Researchers used a series of refined virus mutants to define the active isoform of MHV68 noncoding RNA TMER4 and demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) functionally conserved this activity in vivo to promote egress of infected B cells from lymph nodes into peripheral circulation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Type I IFN Ineffectively Activates Neonatal Dendritic Cells Limiting Respiratory Antiviral T-Cell Responses

Scientists discovered that during infection neonatal conventional DC1s presenting viral antigen were unable to upregulate costimulatory molecules in response to type I interferons (IFN-I), contributing to poor antiviral T-cell responses. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Are Determined before ART Initiation and Linked to CD8 T-Cell Activation and Memory Expansion

The best predictor of HIV DNA at 1 year was pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV DNA, which was in turn significantly associated with CD8 memory T-cell differentiation, CD8 T-cell activation and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression on memory T cells. [J Infect Dis] Abstract

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transcriptomes Reveal an Over-Representation of Down-Regulated Genes Associated with Immunity in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants

Researchers showed that genes primarily associated with neutrophil mediated immunity were repressed in the HIV-exposed uninfected infants. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Schinus terebinthifolia Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Has Anti-Infective Action and Modulates the Response of Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Macrophages

SteLL increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impaired cell division [Sci Rep] Full Article

Peptide-Based Vaccine Successfully Induces Protective Immunity against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Immunization of dogs with peptide-based vaccine conferred immunity against experimental infection with L. infantum. Evidence for macrophage nitric oxide production and anti-leishmanial activity associated with IFN-γ production by lymphocytes was only found in the vaccinated group. [NPJ Vaccines] Abstract

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Pathogenic TH1 Responses in CHIKV-Induced Inflammation and Their Modulation upon Plasmodium Parasites Co-Infection

Scientists summarize the role of cell-mediated immune responses in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pathogenesis, with a specific focus on pro-inflammatory Th1 responses in the development of CHIKV joint inflammation. [Immunol Rev] Abstract

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Appili Therapeutics Enters Commercial Agreement with Saptalis Pharmaceuticals for Anticipated Launch of ATI-1501 Antibiotic Candidate in the US

Appili Therapeutics Inc. announced that it has entered into a commercialization agreement with Saptalis Pharmaceuticals LLC on ATI-1501, Appili’s liquid suspension reformulation of the antibiotic metronidazole. [The Harvard Gazette (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Arakoda^™ (Tafenoquine) Tablets, First Prescription Drug Approved for Malaria Prevention by US FDA in Over 18 Years, Now Available in US

60 Degrees Pharmaceuticals has initiated distribution of Arakoda^™ into the US healthcare marketplace. This significant milestone complements the regulatory approval of Arakoda™ by the FDA. [60 Degrees Pharmaceuticals (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Why the Huge Surge in EEE Cases? Federal Rules Requiring Quick Sample Disposal Mean We May Never Know

A massive surge in human cases of Eastern equine encephalitis this autumn has raised urgent questions about whether the dangerous virus has changed. [STAT News] Editorial

50 Children Dead from Measles Outbreak in Samoa

A measles outbreak in Samoa has killed 53 people since late October, including 50 children, the Samoan government reported. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Tuberculosis: Immunity and Immune Evasion
January 16-20, 2020
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States

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NEW Research Fellow – Immune Response to Tuberculosis (University College London)

Research Associate – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Lecturer – Infectious Disease and Microbiomes (University of Liverpool)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cerebral Malaria (European Molecular Biology Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Positions – HIV (University of New South Wales)

Faculty Position – Infectious Disease Research (Tsinghua University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Associates – Virology and Vaccine Development (University of Minnesota)

Scientist – Infectious Disease (Infectious Disease Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – HIV (Tulane University)

Postdoctoral Position/PhD Student – Infectious Diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunology (Purdue University)

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