Immunology of Infectious Disease News 8.02 January 22, 2020 | |
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TOP STORYAn recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein in place of HIV-1 gagshowed single-dose protection from lethal challenge with low passage Ebola virus in non-human primates. Researchers aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the rVSVN4CT1-EBOVGP1 vaccine in healthy adults. [Lancet Infect Dis] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Aberrant B Cell Repertoire Selection Associated with HIV Neutralizing Antibody Breadth Investigators sequenced antibody heavy-chain repertoires in a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals with bNAb responses or no neutralization breadth and uninfected controls, identifying consistent features of bNAb repertoires, encompassing thousands of B cell clones per individual, with correlated T cell phenotypes. These repertoire features were not observed during chronic cytomegalovirus infection in an independent cohort. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Rtg1/3 exert control on the expression of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids’ building blocks, and the regulators are activated upon engulfment of C. albicans cells by human neutrophils. Researchers demonstrate that Rtg1p and Rtg3p were regulated at two levels, one in response to sphingolipids and the other by the nutrient sensor TOR. [Cell Rep] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Investigators showed that the loss of ATR, a DNA damage-signaling protein kinase, is lethal, causing nuclear genome instability and increased variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) switching through VSG-localized damage. Furthermore, ATR loss led to the increased transcription of silent VSG expression sites and expression of mixed VSGs on the cell surface, effects that were associated with the altered localization of RNA polymerase I and VEX1. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Bacterial population dynamics established that the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome specifically restricted Salmonella typhimurium (S. TM) migration from the gut to draining lymph nodes. This was solely attributable to NAIP/NLRC4 within intestinal epithelial cells, while S. TM evaded restriction by phagocyte NAIP/NLRC4. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article The authors characterized the immunogenic cell death-inducing ability of wild-type Adenovirus (Ad), Semliki Forest virus and Vaccinia virus. They did so by investigating the cell death and immune-activating properties of virus-killed tumor cells. Ad-infection of tumor cells primarily activated autophagy, but also activated events of necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Researchers showed that B. abortus outer membrane protein Omp25 specifically bound the immune cell receptor SLAMF1 in vitro. The Omp25-dependent engagement of SLAMF1 by B. abortus limited NFκB translocation in dendritic cells with no impact on Brucella intracellular trafficking and replication. [Cell Microbiol] Abstract A Possible Role for Autoimmunity through Molecular Mimicry in Alphavirus Mediated Arthritis Through an in silico analysis, scientists investigated the possibility of an autoimmune process mediated through molecular mimicry in alphaviral infection induced pathogenicity. Interestingly, sequence alignment of the structural polyproteins belonging to arthritogenic alphaviruses revealed conserved regions which shared homology with human proteins implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. [Sci Rep] Full Article C57BL/6J mice were intranasally vaccinated with attenuated LIΔactAplcB-Rv3875 or LIΔactAplcB-Rv0129c, the two vaccine candidates that utilize LI as an antigen delivery vector. Bacterial load in the target organs, histological changes in the infected organs, the percentage of specific cytokine-secreting T cells in the lung and spleen, IgG levels in the serum and secretory IgA levles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined at specific days post inoculation. [Sci Rep] Full Article Recombinant canine cytokines and soluble receptor IL-10R1, with antagonistic activity, were evaluated for the first time in combination or alone to evaluate their immunomodulatory capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dogs with leishmaniasis. All the combinations of recombinant proteins tested were shown to improve lymphoproliferative response. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSMetabolic Adaptations to Infections at the Organismal Level The authors review topical findings in organismal metabolism and infection and highlight four emerging lines of investigation: how host-microbiota metabolic partnerships protect against infection; competition for glucose between host and pathogen; significance of infection-induced anorexia; and redefinition of the role of iron during infection. [Trends Immunol] Abstract Key Roles of MiT Transcription Factors in Innate Immunity and Inflammation Microphthalmia/TFE (MiT) transcription factors, such as transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor E3 (TFE3), are emerging as key regulators of innate immunity and inflammation. Rapid progress in the field requires a focused update on the latest advances. Recent studies show that TFEB and TFE3 function in innate immune cells to regulate antibacterial and antiviral responses downstream of phagocytosis, IFN-γ, lipopolysaccharide, and adenosine receptors. [Trends Immunol] Abstract AAV Vector Immunogenicity in Humans: A Long Journey to Successful Gene Transfer Scientists review data emerging from clinical trials across a broad range of gene therapy applications. Common features of immune responses to AAV can be found, suggesting, for example, that vector immunogenicity is dose-dependent, and that innate immunity plays an important role in the outcome of gene transfer. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSConrad N. Hilton Foundation Awarded More Than $32 Million in Grants in the Fourth Quarter of 2019 The board of directors of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation announced today that 15 grants were approved, totaling more than $32 million during the fourth quarter of 2019. These grants were awarded to 15 organizations spanning across the Hilton Foundation’s program areas, both in the US and internationally. [Conrad N. Hilton] Press Release ISSCR Announces 2020 Award Winners Stem cell scientists and leaders earn 2020 International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) Awards for their significant contributions to the field of stem cell research. Honorees include Fred H. Gage, PhD, Salk Institute for Biological Studies and Mitinori Saitou, MD, PhD, Kyoto University. [The International Society for Stem Cell Research] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSCoronavirus: China Advises Against Travel to Wuhan as Deaths Surge Chinese authorities have urged people to stop travelling in and out of Wuhan, the city at the center of a new virus outbreak that has killed 17 people. Those living in the city of 8.9 million people have also been told to avoid crowds and minimise public gatherings. [BBC] Editorial CDC Details First US Case of Novel Virus Spreading in China A man in Washington state has been diagnosed with a novel infection racing through China, the first time someone in the US has been confirmed to have the virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [STAT News] Editorial Campus Attacks by Nationalists and Police Alarm India’s Scientific Community The attack on one of India’s most prestigious universities sent shock waves around the country and is the latest sign that the political forces tearing apart Indian society are also affecting the country’s academic community. Students at JNU, a liberal bastion, had been on strike for months against both a major hike in student fees and the government’s controversial Citizenship Amendment Act, widely decried as discriminatory against Muslims. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposia: T Cell Memory Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESScientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Researcher – HIV Antiretroviral Therapy (Karolinska Institutet) Postdoctoral Researcher – Infection and Aging Biology (Karolinska Institutet) Postdoctoral Fellow – HIV (Massachusetts General Hospital) Postdoctoral Fellow – Vaccine Research (University of Rhode Island) Postdoctoral Scientist – Tuberculosis Research (Texas Biomedical Research Institute) Research Associate – Immunology (University Hospital of Muenster) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) Postdoctoral Fellowship – Infectious Disease (Brigham and Women’s Hospital) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – HIV (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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