Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 8.34 | Sep 9 2020

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    IIDN 8.34 | Sep 9


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 8.34 – 9 September, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Broad and Strong Memory CD4+ and CD8+
    T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK Convalescent Individuals following COVID-19

    Investigators studied T cell memory in 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19 and 16 unexposed donors, using interferon-γ-based assays with peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 except ORF1.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Full ArticlePress Release


    Watch 'collaborating to accelerate COVID-19 research'
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal
    SARS-CoV-2

    A
    Comparison of Four Serological Assays for Detecting Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Serum Samples from Different Populations

    Researchers used two ELISA assays that recognized the full-length nucleoprotein or trimeric spike protein ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    Direct
    Activation of the Alternative Complement Pathway by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Is Blocked by Factor D Inhibition

    Scientists demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but not N protein, directly activated the alternative pathway of complement.
    [Blood]

    Abstract

    An Alpaca Nanobody Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by Blocking Receptor Interaction

    Investigators report the isolation and characterization of an alpaca-derived single domain antibody fragment, Ty1, that specifically targeted the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, directly preventing angiotensin converting enzyme 2 engagement.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    COVID-19-Activated
    SREBP2 Disturbs Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Leads to Cytokine Storm

    Researchers report the first observation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) C-terminal fragment in COVID-19 patients’ blood and proposed SREBP-2 C-terminal fragment as an indicator for determining severity.
    [Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy]

    Full Article

    Dynamics
    of the ACE2–SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Spike Protein Interface Reveal Unique Mechanisms

    Research indicated that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV utilized unique strategies to achieve stable binding to ACE2. Several differences were observed between the residues of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV that consistently interacted with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Impact of Glycan Cloud on the B-Cell Epitope Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

    Scientists identified 28 B-cell epitopes in the Spike structure and grouped them as non-affected by the glycan cloud versus those which were strongly masked by the glycan cloud, resulting in a list of favourable epitopes as targets for vaccine development, antibody-based therapy and diagnostics.
    [NPJ Vaccines]

    Full Article

    MORE IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

    Patrolling
    Alveolar Macrophages Conceal Bacteria from the Immune System to Maintain Homeostasis

    Macrophages sensed, chemotaxed, and, with high efficiency, phagocytosed inhaled bacterial pathogens such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, cloaking the bacteria from neutrophils.
    [Cell]

    AbstractPress Release
    Graphical Abstract

    Exhausted CD8+
    T Cells Exhibit Low and Strongly Inhibited TCR Signaling during Chronic LCMV Infection

    The authors characterize the in vivo T cell receptor (TCR) signaling of virus-specific exhausted CD8+ T cells in a mouse model, leveraging TCR signaling reporter mice in combination with transcriptomics.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Concanamycin
    A Counteracts HIV-1 Nef to Enhance Immune Clearance of Infected Primary Cells by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

    Scientists discovered that the plecomacrolide family of natural products restored major histocompatibility class I to the surface of Nef-expressing primary cells with variable potency.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    CD49a Regulates Cutaneous Resident Memory CD8+
    T Cell Persistence and Response

    Investigators demonstrated that CD8+ tissue-resident memory cell expressing the α1 chain (CD49a) was expressed early following T cell activation in vivo, and TGF-β and IL-12 induced CD49a expression by CD8+ T cells in vitro.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Heterogeneity
    of Antiviral Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract Mediates Differential Non-Lytic Clearance of Influenza Viruses

    By infecting transgenic lox-stop-lox reporter mice with a Cre-recombinase-expressing influenza B virus, researchers identified olfactory sensory neurons as a major viral cell target in the upper respiratory tract.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Complement
    Opsonization of HIV Affects Primary Infection of Human Colorectal Mucosa and Subsequent Activation of T Cells

    The authors explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complement-opsonized virus.
    [eLife]

    Abstract

    OTUD5
    Promotes Innate Antiviral and Antitumor Immunity through Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing STING

    Investigators report that the deubiquitinase OTUD5 interacted with STING, cleaved its K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and promoted its stability.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Abstract

    The
    Inhibitor Effect of RKIP on Inflammasome Activation and Inflammasome-Dependent Diseases

    Researchers showed that Raf kinase inhibitor (RKIP) protein negatively regulated the activation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4 inflammasomes.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Abstract

    Apply to be a host on the Immunology Podcast.
    REVIEWS

    Immunological Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies

    The authors discuss the immunological principles that need to be taken into consideration in the development of COVID-19 vaccine strategies.
    [Nature Reviews Immunology]

    Full Article

    Phages and Their Potential to Modulate the Microbiome and Immunity

    Investigators provide an overview of the challenges of the therapeutic use of phages and how these could be addressed for future use of phages as specific modulators of the human microbiome in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Study Put on Hold Due to Suspected Adverse Reaction in Participant in the UK

    A large, Phase II study testing a COVID-19 vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford at dozens of sites across the US has been put on hold due to a suspected serious adverse reaction in a participant in the UK.
    [STAT News]

    Editorial

    Biopharma
    CEOs Seek to Reassure Public on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

    Amid growing concerns that the Trump administration may try to rush a vaccine against the virus that causes COVID-19 to market prematurely, nine biotech and pharmaceutical CEOs have signed a pledge designed to assure the public that they will stick to scientific and ethical principles.
    [Breaking Media, Inc.]

    Editorial

    INmune Bio, Inc. Announces FDA Acceptance of IND Application to Evaluate Quellor™ in a Blinded Randomized Phase II Trial for Immune Mediated Complications in COVID-19 Patients

    INmune Bio, Inc. announced that the FDA has accepted the company’s Investigational New Drug application to initiate a Phase II clinical trial evaluating Quellor™, a selective soluble tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, for the treatment of immune mediated complications in COVID-19 patients.
    [INmune Bio, Inc. (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    Savara
    to Discontinue Exploratory ENCORE Study Evaluating Molgradex for the Treatment of NTM Lung Infection in People Living With Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

    Savara, Inc. announced the decision to discontinue ENCORE, a 48-week, open-label, non-controlled Phase IIa exploratory clinical study of Molgradex for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection in people living with CF.
    [Savara, Inc.]

    Editorial

    The Coronavirus Is Mutating — Does It Matter?

    Compared with HIV, SARS-CoV-2 is changing much more slowly as it spreads. But one mutation stood out. It was in the gene encoding the spike protein, which helps virus particles to penetrate cells.
    [Nature]

    Editorial

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