Intestinal Cell News Volume 1.04 | Apr 17 2015

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    Intestinal Cell News 1.04 April 17, 2015

    Intestinal Cell News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    Gut Instinct: How Intestinal Stem Cells Find Their Niche
    Studying mice and chicks, whose intestinal formation is similar to humans, scientists found that the entire intestinal lining has stem cell properties at first. As the embryo develops, all but a few cells lose this potential. [Press release from Harvard Medical School discussing online publication in Cell]
    Press Release | Abstract | Graphical Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

    Crosstalk between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Epithelial HIF Augments Tissue Barrier Function
    The authors determined the role of epithelial butyrate metabolism in establishing the austere oxygenation profile of the distal gut. Bacteria-derived butyrate affects epithelial O2 consumption and results in stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor coordinating barrier protection. [Cell Host Microbe]
    Abstract | Graphical Abstract

    miR-1269 Promotes Metastasis and Forms a Positive Feedback Loop with TGF-β
    Investigators showed that miR-1269a promotes colorectal cancer metastasis and forms a positive feedback loop with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. [Nat Commun] Abstract

    mTOR Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells via CHOP-Dependent DR5 Induction on 4E-BP1 Dephosphorylation
    Researchers showed that apoptosis plays a key role in everolimus and temsirolimus anti-tumor activities in colon cancer cells and xenografts through the DR5, FADD and caspase-8 axis, and is strongly enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and 5-fluorouracil. [Oncogene] Abstract

    High Nitric Oxide Production, Secondary to Inducible-Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression, Is Essential for Regulation of the Tumor-Initiating Properties of Colon Cancer Stem Cells
    Scientists showed an integral role for endogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase activity in the biology of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Colon CSCs with high endogenous NO production displayed higher tumorigenic abilities than low endogenous NO fractions. [J Pathol] Abstract

    Simulated Microgravity Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis and Increases Colitis Susceptibility
    Researchers investigated whether simulated microgravity influences the intestinal homeostasis and increases the susceptibility to colon inflammation. [FASEB J] Abstract

    Sirt7 Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis by Epigenetically Inhibiting miR-34a
    Scientists report that Sirtuin 7 (Sirt7), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent class III histone deacetylase, is over-expressed in human gastric cancer tissues. [Sci Rep] Full Article

    PTEN Represses Colon Cancer Progression through Inhibiting Paxillin Transcription via PI3K/AKT/NF-kB Pathway
    Investigators demonstrated that tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) overexpression or knockdown in Lovo colon cancer cells decreased or increased paxillin expression, respectively. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

    Quercetin Represses Apolipoprotein B Expression by Inhibiting the Transcriptional Activity of C/EBPβ
    To identify novel targets of quercetin in intestinal enterocytes, researchers performed mRNA profiling using human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

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    REVIEWS
    New Developments in Goblet Cell Mucus Secretion and Function
    The mucus system differs substantially between the small and large intestine, although it is built around MUC2 mucin polymers in both cases. That goblet cells and the regulation of their secretion also differ between these two parts of the intestine is of fundamental importance for a better understanding of mucosal immunology. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

     
    INDUSTRY NEWS
    Queen’s Researchers in £5 Million Program to Improve Bowel Cancer Survival
    Researchers at Queen’s University Belfast have launched a revolutionary personalized treatment program to help improve bowel cancer survival rates. The £5 million initiative aims to fundamentally change how we treat bowel cancer patients by personalizing their treatments and ensuring that each patient gets access to the most effective therapies. [Queen’s University Belfast] Press Release

    Soligenix Announces FDA Protocol Clearance of Pivotal Phase III Clinical Trial of SGX203 in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
    Soligenix, Inc. announced that an agreement has been reached with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the design of a Phase III clinical trial evaluating SGX203 in the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease. [Soligenix, Inc.] Press Release

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    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW SelectBio Stem Cells in Drug Discovery
    June 2-3, 2015
    Cambridge, United Kingdom

    NEW The 11th Meeting on Cell Death
    September 15-19, 2015
    Cold Spring Harbor, United States

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the intestinal cell research community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Stem Cell Homeostasis in Gut Development and Disease (Sickkids Research Institute)

    Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology Endoderm Lineages (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Postdoc Physiology (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre)

    Assistant Investigator – Colon Cancer (Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center)

    Postdoctoral Research Fellow (Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)

    Senior Medical Advisor – Inflammation & Immunology (Celgene Corporation)

    Research Fellows in Bioinformatics (University of Exeter)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Transcriptional Mechanisms of Stomach and Intestinal Stem Cells (Sickkids Research Institute)

    Postdoctoral Position – Functional Role of Intestinal Macrophages (University of Massachusetts Medical School)

    Postdoctoral Fellowship – New Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Cornell University)

    Postdoctoral Positions – Microbiota in Cancer (Mount Sinai School of Medicine)


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