Intestinal Cell News Volume 1.10 | May 29 2015

Comprehensive Models of Human Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Tumors in Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Mice by Chemokine Targeting
Researchers generated 17 chemokine-targeted mouse models that recapitulated the majority of common human somatic colorectal cancer mutations. They also showed that primary tumors can be modeled in immunocompetent mice by microinjecting CCR9-expressing cancer cell lines into early-stage mouse blastocysts, which induces central immune tolerance. [Nat Biotechnol] Abstract | Press Release

RasGRP1 Opposes Proliferative EGFR–SOS1–Ras Signals and Restricts Intestinal Epithelial Cell Growth
Scientists found that RasGRP1 created a negative feedback loop that limited proliferative EGFR–SOS1–Ras signals in colorectal cancer cells. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

Leptin Activation of mTOR Pathway in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Triggers Lipid Droplet Formation, Cytokine Production and Increased Cell Proliferation
Researchers investigated the role of leptin in the modulation of mTOR pathway and regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory phenotype in intestinal epithelial cells. They showed that leptin promotes a dose- and time-dependent enhancement of lipid droplet formation. [Cell Cycle] Abstract

Oncostatic Effects of Fluoxetine in Experimental Colon Cancer Models
Fluoxetine reduced the development of different colon tumor xenografts, as well as proliferation in hypoxic tumor areas within them. [Cell Signal] Abstract

Atonal Homolog 1 Protein Stabilized by Tumor Necrosis Factor α Induces High Malignant Potential in Colon Cancer Cell Line
Treatment with TNF-α stabilized Atoh1 protein by the inactivation of GSK-3β via Akt, resulting in the mucinous form of colorectal cancer cell lines. Atoh1 protein also enriched cancer stem cells with upregulated Lgr5 expression and cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase, resulting in both the chemo-resistance to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin and the promotion of cell migration. [Cancer Sci] Abstract

Death Receptor-Induced Apoptosis Signaling Regulation by Ezrin Is Cell Type Dependent and Occurs in a DISC-Independent Manner in Colon Cancer Cells
Using ezrin phosphorylation or actin-binding mutants, investigators provided evidence that negative regulation of death receptor-induced apoptosis by ezrin occurs in a cytoskeleton- and DISC-independent manner, in colon cancer cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induce Ca²⁺ Mobilization Responses in Human Colon Epithelial Cell Lines Endogenously Expressing FFA4
Researchers showed that omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids induce Ca²⁺ mobilization responses in human colonic epithelial cells in vitro through activation of FFA4 and PTX-insensitive G_i/o protein [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Full Article

MiR-155 Modulates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Intestinal Myofibroblasts by Targeting SOCS1 in Ulcerative Colitis
Scientists investigated the role of miR-155 in the acquisition and maintenance of an activated phenotype by intestinal myofibroblasts, a key cell population contributing to mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Rab8a Vesicles Regulate Wnt Ligand Delivery and Paneth Cell Maturation at the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche
Analyses of generic Wnt/β-catenin targets in Rab8a knockout mouse intestinal crypts indicated reduced signaling activities; maturation of Paneth cells – a Wnt-dependent cell type – was severely affected. [Development] Abstract | Full Article

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BMO Announces $1 Million Donation to Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research
BMO Financial Group announced a $1 million donation to support ongoing stem cell and regenerative medicine research in Canada. [BMO] Press Release

Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Awards 41 New Grants
The Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas awarded 28 grants through its academic research program, 11 grants through its prevention program and two grants through its product development research program. [Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas] Press Release

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Toronto)

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Postdoctoral Position – Cellular and Mucosal Immunology (University of Pennsylvania)

Senior Associate Scientist – Inflammation Research (Amgen)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Colon Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics and Chemoprevention (Baylor Scott & White Health)

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Postdoctoral Position – Genomics or Computational Genomics (Norwegian PSC research center)

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