Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.15 | Apr 29 2016

Wnt Ligands Secreted by Subepithelial Mesenchymal Cells Are Essential for the Survival of Intestinal Stem Cells and Gut Homeostasis
Scientists globally prevented Wnt secretion by genetically ablating Wntless. They found that preventing Wnt signaling in the entire body causes mortality due to impaired intestinal homeostasis. [Cell Rep]
Full Article | Graphical Abstract

CDX2 Increases SLC7A7 Expression and Proliferation of Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cells
The authors evaluated the role of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), an intestine-specific transcription factor, in the proliferation of pig intestinal epithelial cells and searched for novel intestinal nutrient transporter genes activated by CDX2. [Oncotarget] Full Article

Distinct Cytoprotective Roles of Pyruvate and ATP by Glucose Metabolism on Epithelial Necroptosis and Crypt Proliferation in Ischemic Gut
Researchers investigated cytoprotective effects exerted by distinct glycolytic metabolites in ischemic gut. Their results showed that intestinal ischemia caused receptor-interacting protein kinase-dependent epithelial necroptosis and villus destruction accompanied by reduction in crypt proliferation. [J Physiol] Abstract

MicroRNA-682-Mediated Downregulation of PTEN in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
The authors report a critical role of the microRNA 682 (miR-682) as a key regulator and therapeutic target in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. MiR-682 was markedly induced in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during intestinal ischemia in mice and in the human colonic epithelial cells during hypoxia, but was undetected rapidly after intestinal reperfusion in IEC of mice. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

TNFα/IFNγ Mediated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction Is Attenuated by MicroRNA-93 Downregulation of PTK6 in Mouse Colonic Epithelial Cells
Researchers showed that protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) siRNA and PTK6 null young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells exhibited significant attenuation of TNFα/IFNγ induced barrier dysfunction as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing assay and permeability assays. [PLoS One] Full Article

Transgenic Expression of Human Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor LPA₂ in Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells Induces Intestinal Dysplasia
Investigators expressed human lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)₂ in intestinal epithelial cells under control of the villin promoter. They demonstrated that overexpression of LPA₂ alone can lead to intestinal dysplasia. [PLoS One] Full Article

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

β-Arrestin-2 Modulates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Crypt Progenitor/Stem Cell Injury
Investigators provide evidence that β-arrestin-2-mediated intestinal crypt progenitor/stem cell apoptosis is crucial for ionizing radiation-stimulated intestinal injury. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article

Organoids as an Ex Vivo Model for Studying the Serotonin System in the Murine Small Intestine and Colon Epithelium
Scientists investigated the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system using organoids. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that small intestinal and colonic organoids express mRNAs encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-1, serotonin reuptake transporter, 5-HT receptor (HTR) 2A, HTR2B, and HTR4. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

Stem Cell Dynamics and Pretumor Progression in the Intestinal Tract
The authors outline the progress made in the research into tracing stem cell dynamics. Further, they highlight the importance and potential clinical value of tracing stem cell dynamics in pretumor progression. [J Gastroenterol] Full Article

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Cancer Meets Precision Medicine: The Color Test for Risk of Common Hereditary Cancers in Women and Men
Color is broadening the Color Test to 30 genes that includes many of the most common hereditary cancers for women and men including breast, colorectal, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, stomach and uterine cancers. [Color Genomics, Inc.] Press Release

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Research Assistant – Autoimmune/Cell Biology (Immunocore Ltd)

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