Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.20 | Jun 3 2016

TOP STORY

Gut Microbes’ Metabolite Dampens Proliferation of Intestinal Stem Cells

Researchers indicated that stem cells are located in “pockets” in the intestine to avoid contact with a prominent metabolite produced by beneficial microbes living in the gut. That metabolite – butyrate – restricts the proliferation of stem cells, potentially hampering the intestine from repairing itself after an injury or damage resulting from inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s and colitis. [Press release from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis discussing online publication in Cell] Press Release | Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

EAAT3 Promotes Amino Acid Transport and Proliferation of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Scientists investigated the effects of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) on amino acid transport and cell proliferation through activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway in porcine jejunal epithelial cells. [Oncotarget] Full Article

Progesterone Receptor Activation Is Required for Folic Acid-Induced Anti-Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Researchers investigated the effect of progesterone (P4) on the folic acid (FA)-induced anti-proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Treatment with FA significantly reduced the proliferation of the P4 receptor (PR)-positive colon cancer cell lines, COLO-205, HT-29 and LoVo, but did not significantly affect the proliferation of the PR-negative colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and DLD-1. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

Molecular Mechanism and Functional Significance of Acid Generation in the Drosophila Midgut

Researchers demonstrated that the acidic gut region protects the insect and gut microbiome from pathological disruption, and shed light on the mechanisms by which low pH can be maintained in the absence of H⁺, K⁺ ATPase. [Sci Rep] Full Article

PepT1 Expression Helps Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis by Mediating the Differential Expression of miRNAs along the Crypt-Villus Axis

The authors exhibited that PepT1 plays an important role in multiple biological functions, including the ability to regulate the expression/secretion of specific microRNAs and the expression levels of multiple proteins. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Identification of Intestinal Ion Transport Defects in Microvillus Inclusion Disease

Researchers hypothesized that enterocyte maturation defects lead villus atrophy with immature secretory crypt like enterocytes in the microvillus inclusion disease epithelium. They investigated the role of Myosin Vb in enterocyte maturation. [Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol] Abstract

Sam68 Modulates Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Mediating NF-κB Activation in Ulcerative Colitis

The authors report that Sam68 (Src-associated substrate during mitosis of 68 KDa) was up-regulated in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with ulcerative colitis. In DSS-induced mouse colitis model, they observed the overexpression of Sam68 accompanied with increased levels of IEC apoptotic markers (active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) and NF-κB activation indicators (p-p65 and p-IκB) in colitis IECs. [Mol Immunol] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Mouse Label-Retaining Cells Are Molecularly and Functionally Distinct from Reserve Intestinal Stem Cells

Label-retaining cells were molecularly and functionally distinct from reporter-marked reserve intestinal stem cells. [Gastroenterology] Abstract

Remote Control of Intestinal Stem Cell Activity by Hemocytes in Drosophila

Scientists showed that hemocytes express the three upd genes and that injury markedly induces the expression of upd3 by the JNK pathway in hemocytes, which in turn activates the JAK/STAT pathway in the fat body and the gut. Release of Upd3 from hemocytes upon injury can remotely stimulate stem cell proliferation and the expression of Drosomycin-like genes in the intestine. [PLoS Genetics] Full Article

Assay Establishment and Validation of a High-Throughput Screening Platform for Three-Dimensional Patient-Derived Colon Cancer Organoid Cultures

Investigators describe the establishment of an automated platform in 384-well format for three-dimensional organoid cultures derived from colon cancer patients. [J Biomol Screen] Abstract

The Cross-Talk between Enterocytes and Intraepithelial Lymphocytes

The authors review the recent studies on the pathophysiology of cross-talk between enterocytes and intraepithelial T cells, and how this interaction is crucial for intestinal integrity and homeostasis. [Mol Cell Pediatr] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Bayer Collaborates with U.S. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to Investigate Stivarga® (Regorafenib) Tablets as Additional Adjuvant Therapy in Colon Cancer

Bayer and the NSABP, a leading clinical trials cooperative group, are collaborating on a new Phase III study to investigate Stivarga^® tablets as an additional adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. [Bayer] Press Release

ImmusanT Reports Nexvax2 Phase I Data in Patients with Celiac Disease

ImmusanT, Inc. announced the results of two Phase I studies of Nexvax2^® in patients with celiac disease [ImmusanT, Inc.] Press Release

NEW 24^th Biennial European Association for Cancer Research (EACR) Congress
July 9-16, 2016
Manchester, United Kingdom

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the intestinal cell community.

NEW Postdoctoral/Research Associate – Epigenetics of Immunology and Mucosal Immunity (University of Texas Health Science Center)

NEW Program Director and Professor – Immune Mechanisms at Epithelial Surfaces (University of Arizona)

Scientific Communications and Publishing Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc. )

Technical Sales Representative (STEMCELL Technologies Inc. )

Research Associate/Senior Research Associate – Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics (University College London )

Associate Director – Intestinal Microbiota (Institute for Basic Science/POSTECH )

Postdoctoral Fellow – Norovirus-Intestinal Microbiota Interactions (University of Florida )

PhD Studentship – Gut Bacterial Metabolism (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven )

Research Assistant – Autoimmune/Cell Biology (Immunocore Ltd )

Faculty Positions – Clinical Immunology (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation )

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