Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.34 | Sep 16 2016

TOP STORY

Itf Promotes Migration of Intestinal Epithelial Cells through Crosstalk between the Erk and Jak/Stat3 Pathways

The authors explored the mechanism by which intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) promotes intestinal epithelial cell migration. Intestinal epithelial cells were treated with the human ITF. Phospho-ERK, phospho-STAT3 Tyr705, and phospho-STAT3 Ser727 levels were detected at different time points by western blot. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Induces Apoptosis by Activating Erk1/2 Signaling and Depleting Intracellular Glutathione in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

The molecular mechanisms for the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intestinal diseases remain poorly defined. Researchers report that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal treatment led to capses-3-dependent apoptosis accompanied by increased intracellular ROS level and reduced glutathione concentration in intestinal epithelial cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Use of a Collagen Membrane to Enhance the Survival of Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Since enterocytes have a short in vivo life span due to anoikis, researchers aimed to establish a novel and reproducible method to prolong the survival of mouse and human cells. Cells were isolated following a standard procedure, and cultured on ordered-cow’s collagen membranes. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Can Reverse Inflammation Induced Changes in Colon Cancer Cells

The authors report that treatment of human colon adenocarcinoma cells with TNF-α and IL-17, two pro-inflammatory cytokines, modifies lactate dehydrogenase activity, causing a shift toward the A isoform which results in increased lactate production. At the same time, the two cytokines appeared to induce features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the treated cells, such as reduction of E-cadherin levels and increased secretion of metalloproteinases. [Eur J Pharm Sci] Abstract

Gefitinib Enhances Human Colon Cancer Cells to Trail-Induced Apoptosis of via Autophagy- and Jnk-Mediated Death Receptors Upregulation

Investigators report that gefitinib and TRAIL in combination produce a potent synergistic effect on TRAIL-sensitive human colon cancer HCT116 cells and an additive effect on TRAIL-resistant HT-29 cells. Interestingly, gefitinib increases the expression of cell surface receptors DR4 and DR5, possibly explaining the synergistic effect. [Apoptosis] Abstract

Early Activation of MAPK p44/42 Is Partially Involved in DON-Induced Disruption of the Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Network

Researchers confirmed deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced activation of MAPK p44/42 and inhibition of p44/42 by MAPK-inhibitor U0126 monoethanolate. Influence of DON and DOM-1 on transepithelial electrical resistance, viability and expression of seven tight junction proteins, as well as the potential of U0126 to counteract DON-induced effects, was assessed. [Toxins] Full Article

Bifidobacteria Prevent Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Subsequent Barrier Disruption in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers

Researchers investigated the impact of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on intestinal epithelial barrier function using human colon carcinoma-derived Caco-2 monolayers. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress decreased the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 monolayers, concomitant with loss of cellular plasma membrane integrity. [PLoS One] Full Article

Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, exists exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, and has been shown to possess potent antitumor and chemopreventive activity. However, there is no available information that shows SFN affecting human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. The authors found that SFN induced cell morphological changes, which were photographed by contrast-phase microscopy, and decreased viability. [Am J Chin Med] Abstract

Comparison of Cytokine and Efflux Transporter Expression in Pediatric vs. Adult Onset Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammation of the colon, is often more severe in children than adults. Identification of altered expression of efflux transporters, cytokines and suppressor of cytokine signaling molecules in pediatric vs. adult patients could provide insight to the differential molecular patterns related to the age and disease pathology [J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Fabrication of 3-D Reconstituted Organoid Arrays by DNA-Programmed Assembly of Cells (DPAC)

Scientists report that DPAC controls the size, shape, composition, and spatial heterogeneity of organoids and permits positioning of constituent cells with single-cell resolution even within cultures several centimeters long [Curr Protoc Chem Biol] Abstract

Intestinal Organoids: New Frontiers in the Study of Intestinal Disease and Physiology

The authors discuss the current state-of-the-art and future impact of research using enteroids and colonoids (organoids grown from the small and large intestines respectively). [J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr] Abstract

Intestinal Organoids as a Novel Tool to Study Microbes-Epithelium Interactions

The organoid model enables the study of pathogens during the early steps of enteric pathogen invasion. The authors describe methods to study the cellular microbiology of symbiosis between the gut microbiota and host intestinal surface and secondly the disruption of host homeostasis due to an enteric pathogen. [Methods Mol Biol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Janssen Receives CHMP Positive Opinion for STELARA^® (Ustekinumab) Recommending Approval for the Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease in the European Union

Janssen-Cilag International NV announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion recommending marketing authorization in the European Union for the use of STELARA^® for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist or have medical contraindications to such therapies. [Janssen-Cilag International NV] Press Release

OncoImmune Announces Option and License Agreement with Pfizer Inc.

OncoImmune, Inc. announced that it has entered into an exclusive option and license agreement with Pfizer Inc. for ONC-392, a novel, differentiated preclinical anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody in a deal worth up to $250 million in upfront and potential milestone payments. [OncoImmune, Inc. (Business Wire)] Press Release

NIH Aims to Beef Up Clinical Trial Design as Part of New Data Sharing Rules

Drug companies and academic researchers will have to step up their public reporting of clinical trial results under new federal policies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also laid out a new plan for submitting clinical trial proposals that aims to beef up the rigor of the studies. [Science Insider] Editorial

Europe Proposes Copyright Reform to Help Scientists Mine Research Papers

The European Commission has announced long-awaited plans to make it easier for researchers to harvest facts and data from research papers — by freeing the computer-aided activity from the shackles of copyright law. [Nature News] Editorial

Illusory Fears Must Not Stifle Chimera Research

After more than a decade of controversy, the United States is nudging towards approving research on human–animal embryos. The National Institutes of Health closed a month-long public consultation on ‘chimera research’, and is widely expected to lift a moratorium that forbids federal funding for such work. [Nature News] Editorial

Report Urges Trump, Clinton to Make Room for Science in the White House

A new report on how the next U.S. president should manage the nation’s science portfolio comes with an invisible sticker on its cover: Open and read immediately if Donald Trump is elected. [Science Insider] Editorial

NEW 28^th European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) SYMPOSIUM
November 29-December 2, 2016
Munich, Germany

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NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immune Mediated Diseases (Montreal Heart Institute)

Research Assistant Position – Intestinal Immunology (Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center)

Chair in Medical Biology – Head of the Department of Biology (Masaryk University)

PhD Fellowship – General and Advanced Interventional Gastroenterologists (Temple University)

Research Associate – Stem Cell Biology of the Intestine/Single-Cell and Computational Group (University of Cambridge)

Specialist – Digestion/Motility (Nestle Institute of Health Sciences)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow or PhD Student – Gastrointestinal Cancers (Goethe University Frankfurt)

Senior Scientist – Human Microbiome (Nestle Institute of Health Sciences)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem CellGene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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