Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.35 | Sep 23 2016

TOP STORY

Epithelia Use Butyrophilin-Like Molecules to Shape Organ-Specific γδ T Cell Compartments

Btnl1 expressed by murine enterocytes is shown to shape the local T cell receptor (TCR)-Vγ7⁺ γδ compartment. Uninfluenced by microbial or food antigens, this activity evokes the developmental selection of TCRαβ⁺ [Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

FERMT1 Mediates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition to Promote Colon Cancer Metastasis via Modulation of β-Catenin Transcriptional Activity

Scientists investigated the precise role of fermitin family member 1 (FERMT1) in colon cancer (CC) metastasis and the mechanism by which FERMT1 is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Correlations between FERMT1 and EMT markers were examined via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CC tissues and adjacent normal colon mucosae. [Oncogene] Abstract

Control of Paneth Cell Fate, Intestinal Inflammation, and Tumorigenesis by PKCλ/ι

The authors showed that PKCλ/ι is required for Paneth cell differentiation at the level of Atoh1 and Gfi1, through the control of EZH2 stability by direct phosphorylation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

Bacterial Virulence Factor Inhibits Caspase-4/11 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Researchers report that the effector NleF binds the catalytic domain of caspase-4 and inhibits its proteolytic activity. Following infection of intestinal epithelial cells enteropathogenic Escherichia coli inhibited caspase-4 and IL-18 processing in an NleF-dependent manner. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Porcine Milk-Derived Exosomes Promote Proliferation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Researchers characterized potential roles of porcine milk-derived exosomes in the intestinal tract. In vitro, treatment with milk-derived exosomes significantly promoted IPEC-J2 cell proliferation by MTT, CCK8, EdU fluorescence and EdU flow cytometry assays. [Sci Rep] Full Article

CB₂ Cannabinoid Receptor Activation Promotes Colon Cancer Progression via AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway

The authors report that activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB₂) with low doses of specific agonists induce cell proliferation and favor the acquisition of aggressive molecular features in colon cancer cells. [Oncotarget] Full Article

P2X7 Receptor-Dependent Tuning of Gut Epithelial Responses to Infection

Lipopolysaccharide and ATP treatment of intestinal epithelial cells and infection with T. gondii in vitro did not promote inflammasome-associated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or IL-18 secretion, but promoted C–C motif chemokine ligand 5, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 production that were significantly reduced when the purinergic P2X7 receptor was blocked. [Immunol Cell Biol] Full Article

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Inhibits the Proliferation and Increases Oxaliplatin Sensitivity in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Investigators found the inhibitory effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on the proliferation of colon cancer cells. The amino acid also suppressed metastasis of SW480 and SW620 cells. [Tumor Biol] Abstract

Sulforaphane Regulates NFE2L2/Nrf2-Dependent Xenobiotic Metabolism Phase II and Phase III Enzymes Differently in Human Colorectal Cancer and Untransformed Epithelial Colon Cells

Researchers compared the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the Nrf2 system and the Nrf2-target enzymes NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and MRP in human untransformed epithelial colon CRL-1790 cells and in HT-29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the role of SFN in cancer prevention and treatment. [Nutr Cancer] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Intestinal Organoids as a Novel Tool to Study Microbes–Epithelium Interactions

The authors describe methods that they have established to study the cellular microbiology of symbiosis between the gut microbiota and host intestinal surface and secondly the disruption of host homeostasis due to an enteric pathogen. [Methods Mol Biol] Abstract

Molecular Pathways Driving Disease-Specific Alterations of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Due to the fact that chronic inflammation as well as tumorigenesis in the gut is crucially impacted by the fate of intestinal epithelial cells, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the composition, function, regulation and homeostasis of the gut epithelium. [Cell Mol Life Sci] Abstract

Concise Review: The Potential Use of Intestinal Stem Cells to Treat Patients with Intestinal Failure

The field of intestinal stem cell biology has exploded over the past 5 years with discoveries related to in vivo and in vitro stem cell identity and function. The authors highlight the potential use of these cells to treat various epithelial disorders of the gut and discuss the various roadblocks that will be encountered in the coming years. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Modeling Infectious Diseases and Host-Microbe Interactions in Gastrointestinal Organoids

Researchers have started to use organoids for modeling infection with pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enteritica, gut-microbiota interactions and inflammatory bowel disease. Future studies will broaden the spectrum of microbes used and continue to establish organoids as a standard model for human host-microbial interactions. [Dev Biol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Leading Biosciences Launches Gastrobiome™ Focused Product Development Strategy to Harness Microbiome Ecosystem in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Leading BioSciences Inc. announced the launch of a new product category of novel therapeutics and diagnostics for targets within the GI tract category called the Gastrobiome™. [Leading BioSciences Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Sherman Prize for Excellence in Crohn’s and Colitis Announces 2016 Award Recipients

The Bruce and Cynthia Sherman Charitable Foundation announced the 2016 recipients of the inaugural Sherman Prize for Excellence in Crohn’s and Colitis. [Sherman Prize (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Titanic Clash over CRISPR Patents Turns Ugly

Much of the focus is on the teams centred at Berkeley and the Broad Institute, whose ‘foundational’ patents cover a wide swathe of CRISPR–Cas9 applications. Although Berkeley’s team filed for a patent first, the Broad opted for an expedited review process, and its patents were granted earlier. [Nature News] Editorial

Spain Joins Bandwagon for ‘Openness’ About Animal Research

The Spanish scientific community has pledged to become more transparent about animal research. Ninety research centers, universities, scientific societies, and companies around Spain have adopted a set of standards, launched by the Confederation of Spanish Scientific Societies, on how research organizations should open up communication channels about their use of laboratory animals. [Science Insider] Editorial

New Fellowship Aims to Increase Diversity in the Life Sciences

A new program aims to launch the careers of life scientists from underrepresented groups by providing up to 8 years of support, covering both the postdoctoral training and junior faculty stages. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Hanna H. Gray Fellows Program will award up to 15 recipients with $60,000 of salary support and $20,000 in flexible funds paid to their institutions for each of up to 4 years of postdoc training. [Science Insider] Editorial

NEW Mucosal Healing of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
November 15, 2016
New York, United States

NEW European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Asia 2016 Congress
December 16-19, 2016
Singapore, Singapore

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Infections and Inflammation (Harvard Medical School)

NEW PhD Scholarship – Intestine Modeling for Drug Delivery Studies (Technical University of Denmark)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immune Mediated Diseases (Montreal Heart Institute)

Chair in Medical Biology – Head of the Department of Biology (Masaryk University)

PhD Fellowship – General and Advanced Interventional Gastroenterologists (Temple University)

Research Associate – Stem Cell Biology of the Intestine/Single-Cell and Computational Group (University of Cambridge)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow or PhD Student – Gastrointestinal Cancers (Goethe University Frankfurt)

Senior Scientist – Human Microbiome (Nestle Institute of Health Sciences)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem CellGene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Intestinal Cell News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.