Intestinal Cell News 3.13 April 7, 2017 | |
| |
TOP STORYScientists showed that, relative to healthy controls, inflamed intestinal tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases express high amounts of the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSMR), which correlate closely with histopathological disease severity. The OSMR is expressed in nonhematopoietic, nonepithelial intestinal stromal cells, which respond to OSM by producing various proinflammatory molecules, including interleukin-6, the leukocyte adhesion factor ICAM1, and chemokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. [Nat Med] Abstract | Press Release | |
| |
PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASESBidirectional KCNQ1:β-Catenin Interaction Drives Colorectal Cancer Cell Differentiation The authors investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating KCNQ1:β-catenin bidirectional interactions and their effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Molecular and pharmacologic approaches were used to determine the influence of KCNQ1 expression on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human CRC cell lines of varying stages of differentiation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article miR-34a and miR-34b/c Suppress Intestinal Tumorigenesis Scientists generated ApcMin/+ mice with deletions of the miR-34a and/or miR-34b/c genes separately or in combination. Combined deletion of miR-34a/b/c increased the number of intestinal stem cells as well as Paneth and Goblet cells, resulting in enlarged intestinal crypts. miR-34a/b/c-deficient ApcMin/+ mice displayed an increased tumor burden and grade, and decreased survival. [Cancer Res] Abstract GFI1 Downregulation Promotes Inflammation-Linked Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Researchers unveil a colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific metastatic program that is triggered via the transcriptional repressor, GFI1. Using data from a large cohort of clinical samples including inflammatory bowel disease and CRC, and a cellular model of CRC progression mediated by cross-talk between the cancer cell and the inflammatory microenvironment, they identified GFI1 as a gating regulator responsible for a constitutively activated signaling circuit that renders CRC cells competent for metastatic spread. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article Investigators demonstrated that expression of the cancer-associated POLD1-R689W allele is strongly mutagenic in human cells. The mutation rate increased synergistically when the POLD1-R689W expression was combined with a mismatch repair defect, indicating that the mutator effect of POLD1-R689W results from a high rate of replication errors. [Oncogene] Abstract The authors investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying molecular mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In the DSS-induced colitis model, RA significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed by disease activity index scores, colonic damage, and colon length. [Sci Rep] Full Article Protection of Human Colon Cells from Shiga Toxin by Plant-Based Recombinant Secretory IgA Investigators produced a secretory form of the recombinant IgA (S-hyIgA) with transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant. All the S-hyIgA cDNAs were expressed under the control of a bidirectional promoter of a chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of A. thaliana without using a viral promoter. An extract of the transgenic leaves neutralized the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin 1 toward butyrate-treated Caco-2 cells, a human colon carcinoma cell line. [Sci Rep] Full Article Comparison was made to normal healthy colorectal mucosa, sporadic adenoma and colorectal carcinoma (CRC), diverticulitis, and Crohn’s disease. Researchers found p-JNK2 up-regulation in active ulcerative colitis and its early down-regulation in ulcerative colitis (UC)-CRC and CRC carcinogenesis. With down-regulated p-JNK2, p21WAF1 was also decreased. Ki67 was inversely expressed, showing increased proliferation early in UC-CRC and CRC carcinogenesis. [Carcinogenesis] Abstract Investigators characterized G9a as a biomarker in predicting therapy response to prevent overtreatment and adverse effects in colon cancer cell patients. The primary tumors from 39 patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer were selected. In vivo tumor xenograft models for tumorigenic properties in immunodeficient mice were developed. [Radiother Oncol] Abstract Novel Sphingosine Kinase-1 Inhibitor, LCL351, Reduces Immune Responses in Murine DSS-Induced Colitis Scientists set out to determine the efficacy of a novel sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) selective inhibitor, LCL351, in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). LCL351 selectively inhibited SK1 both in vitro and in cells. LCL351, which accumulates in relevant tissues such as colon, did not have any adverse side effects in vivo. In mice challenged with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a murine model for IBD, LCL351 treatment protected from blood loss and splenomegaly. [Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | |
| |
REVIEWSTargeting c-MET in Gastrointestinal Tumors: Rationale, Opportunities and Challenges The authors focus on advances in understanding of inhibition of the hepatocyte growth factor-hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) pathway in patients with gastro-intestinal cancers, the prominent challenges facing the clinical translation and implementation of agents targeting HGF/c-MET, and discuss the various efforts, and associated obstacles to the discovery and validation of biomarkers that will enable patient stratification in this context. [Nat Rev Clin Oncol] Abstract Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Golimumab in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Scientists summarize available data regarding the use of golimumab for ulcerative colitis, with emphasis on the pharmacokinetics, exposure-response relationship, and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in optimizing therapy. [Pharm Res] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field. | |
| |
SCIENCE NEWSMauna Kea Technologies inventor of Cellvizio®, the multidisciplinary confocal laser endomicroscopy platform, announced the presentation of data from the National French Registry on Cellvizio® procedures confirming the strong performance of confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of major gastrointestinal diseases as compared to histological findings. The registry outcomes were disclosed in an oral presentation. [Press release from Mauna Kea Technologies discussing research presented at the 2017 Annual French-Speaking Meeting on Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Paris] Press Release | |
| |
INDUSTRY NEWSBristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration accepted a supplemental Biologics License Application that seeks to extend the use of Opdivo to patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer after prior fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release Finch Therapeutics and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced a global collaboration agreement to jointly develop FIN-524. FIN-524 is a live biotherapeutic product in pre-clinical research. It is composed of cultured bacterial strains that have been linked to favorable clinical outcomes in studies of microbiota transplantations in IBD. [Finch Therapeutics] Press Release | |
| |
POLICY NEWSJapanese Scientists Call for Boycott of Military Research The Science Council of Japan, an advisory body to the cabinet, representing some 850,000 Japanese scientists, released a statement calling on scientists to boycott military research and for universities and research organizations to evaluate the threats posed by such work. [Nature News] Editorial Initiative Aims to Break Science’s Citation Paywall The Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC) aims to allow anyone to access science papers’ reference lists and to build analytical services on top of that raw data. Started by the Wikimedia Foundation in San Francisco, California and five other partner organizations, I4OC announced at its official launch that 29 organizations, including some of the world’s largest scientific publishers, have now agreed to openly release citation data. [Nature News] Editorial
| |
EVENTSNEW GRKs and Arrestins: From Structure to Disease NEW Rapid Signaling and Genomic Steroid Hormone Actions in Health and Disease Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
| |
JOB OPPORTUNITIESPostdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) PhD/PhD-MD Studentship – Intestinal Immunology/Immunophathobiology (Universität Bern) Postdoctoral Fellow – Epigenetics of Intestinal Stem Cells (AstraZeneca) Senior Scientist – Pathology of Immunology and Gastrointestinal Diseases (Takeda Pharmaceuticals) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Intestinal Disease (Children’s Hospital Los Angeles) Assistant or Associate Member – Stem Cell/Gene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
| |
Have we missed an important article or publication in Intestinal Cell News? Click here to submit! Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here. | |
|
Home Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.13 | Apr 7 2017