Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.14 | Apr 21 2017

TOP STORY

NAIP-NLRC4 Inflammasomes Coordinate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expulsion with Eicosanoid and IL-18 Release via Activation of Caspase-1 and -8

By generation of mice in which inflammasome expression is restricted to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the authors described a coordinated epithelium-intrinsic inflammasome response in vivo. This response was sufficient to protect against Salmonella tissue invasion and involved a previously reported IEC expulsion that was coordinated with lipid mediator and cytokine production and lytic IEC death. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

TIAM1 Antagonizes TAZ/YAP Both in the Destruction Complex in the Cytoplasm and in the Nucleus to Inhibit Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Scientists identified TIAM1 as a critical antagonist of colorectal cancer progression through inhibiting TAZ and YAP, effectors of WNT signaling. They demonstrated that TIAM1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus antagonizing TAZ/YAP by distinct mechanisms in the two compartments. [Cancer Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

A Squalene-Based Nanomedicine for Oral Treatment of Colon Cancer

Investigators report a simple approach to improve cisplatin efficacy in the treatment of colon cancer through the creation of orally administered squalenoylated nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin (SQ-CDDP NP). Cytotoxic effects of SQ-CDDP NP were assessed in human colonic cells and in mouse models of intestinal cancer. [Cancer Res] Abstract

Biogenic Nano-Selenium Particles Effectively Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Injury by Activating the Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway

A new form of selenium nanoparticle (biogenic nano-selenium (BNS) particles) was synthesized using bacteria. In vitro experiments with porcine jejunum epithelial cells verified the stronger epithelial barrier-protecting effect of BNS particles against oxidative stress with reduced cell apoptosis and an improved cell redox state. [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] Abstract

Cytosolic Calcium Mediates RIP1/RIP3 Complex-Dependent Necroptosis through JNK Activation and Mitochondrial ROS Production in Human Colon Cancer Cells

A receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1/RIP3 complex was formed in 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone-treated HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells. With this formation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, mitochondrial depolarization occurred, and ATP concentrations decreased. [Free Radic Biol Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

The Role of CB₁ in Intestinal Permeability and Inflammation

Researchers determined the effects of endogenous anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol on the permeability and inflammatory response of intestinal epithelium under normal, inflammatory, and hypoxic conditions. URB597 and JZL184 worsened the permeability caused by inflammation and hypoxia. CB₁Kd cells showed reduced permeability response to inflammation but not hypoxia. [FASEB J] Abstract

COX-1/PGE₂/EP4 Alleviates Mucosal Injury by Upregulating β-arr1-Mediated Akt Signaling in Colitis

The authors demonstrated that COX-1 and PGE₂ were significantly decreased, and EP4 mRNA was downregulated in both ulcerative colitis patients and mice during the injury phase. PGE₂ treatment in the β-arr1 wild-type/KO dextran sulfate sodium model and β–arr1 siRNA transfection of HCT116 cells confirmed that PGE₂ upregulated β-arr1 in vivo and in vitro. [Sci Rep] Full Article

H₂S-Induced S-Sulfhydration of Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) Stimulates Cellular Bioenergetics in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells

Investigators sought to determine the potential interaction between the H₂S pathway and LDH activity in the control of bioenergetics and proliferation of colon cancer, using the colon cancer line HCT116. Low concentrations of GYY4137 enhanced mitochondrial function and glycolysis in HCT116 cells. [Biochem Pharmacol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR4A1 Regulates β1-Integrin Expression in Pancreatic and Colon Cancer Cells and Can Be Targeted by NR4A1 Antagonists

The authors demonstrated that β1-integrin expression is regulated in pancreatic and colon cancer cells by the pro-oncogenic orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 and knockdown of this receptor by RNA interference decreases β1-integrin protein and mRNA expression, α5-integrin and also expression of β1-integrin-dependent phosphorylation of FAK. [Mol Carcinog] Abstract

Activation of Muscarinic Receptors Prevents TNF-α-Mediated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Disruption through p38 MAPK

Scientists investigated the contribution of G-protein-coupled receptor-induced signaling pathways to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function. They demonstrated the existence of functional muscarinic M3 and histamine H1 receptors in colonic epithelial cell HT-29/B6. The results indicated that not H1 but M3 receptor-induced activation of p38 MAPK contribute to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function through down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling and activation of EGFR. [Cell Signal] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

RIG-I/MAVS and STING Signaling Promote Gut Integrity during Irradiation- and Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury

Researchers described a protective role for type I interferon (IFN-I) and the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway during acute tissue damage in mice. Recombinant IFN-I or IFN-I expression induced by RIG-I promoted growth of intestinal organoids in vitro and production of the antimicrobial peptide regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

Molecular Subtypes in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract

The identification of subtypes in the various gastrointestinal cancer types are discussed along with how they could be incorporated into clinical practice. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Cellular Dynamics International Signs Distribution Deal with STEMCELL Technologies

Cellular Dynamics International (CDI) announced it has signed a distribution agreement with STEMCELL Technologies. Under the terms of the agreement, STEMCELL Technologies will distribute CDI’s iCell^® catalog of products in North America, Europe, and Singapore, with other countries under consideration. [STEMCELL Technologies Inc.] Press Release

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center Partners with Syapse to Launch New Precision Medicine Initiative

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Syapse announced that they will team up to launch a new precision medicine initiative at Sylvester to help make personalized cancer care in South Florida and throughout the Southeastern U.S. more effective. [Syapse, Inc.] Press Release

For Congress, March for Science Is a Democratic Event

Organizers of the March for Science have deliberately avoided reaching out to U.S. elected officials, saying that they want the rallies to be apolitical. As a result, few members of Congress will be participating in the main event in Washington, D.C., and at hundreds of satellite marches across the country. And those who do will be Democrats. Republican legislators appear to be ignoring the chance to speak up for science. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Power Struggle Erupts at Utah Cancer Institute over Director’s Firing

The abrupt dismissal of the head of a Utah cancer center is causing backlash from its faculty — and its major philanthropic funder — in a struggle over the center’s autonomy from the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. And nearly 2000 researchers have signed a petition calling on the university to reverse its decision. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW ISSCR Annual Meeting 2017
June 14-17, 2017
Boston, United States

NEW Gordon Research Conferences: Cancer Nanotechnology
June 18-23, 2017
West Dover, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (University of Exeter)

NEW PhD Position – Colorectal Cancer (German Cancer Research Center/DKFZ)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Nanomedicine (Johns Hopkins University)

NEW Postdoctoral and PhD Positions – Bio-Nano Science (University of South Australia)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Cancer Biology (Emory University)

PhD/PhD-MD Studentship – Intestinal Immunology/Immunophathobiology (Universität Bern)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal Pathogens on Host Metabolism (Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

Senior Scientist – Pathology of Immunology and Gastrointestinal Diseases (Takeda Pharmaceuticals)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Intestinal Disease (Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem Cell/Gene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

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