Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.18 | May 19 2017

TOP STORY

Nanodiamonds Mediate Oral Delivery of Proteins for Stem Cell Activation and Intestinal Remodeling in Drosophila

Investigators demonstrated that dietary nanodiamonds-RNase induced apoptosis in enterocytes, stimulating regenerative divisions in intestinal stem cells and increasing the number of stem cells and precursor cells in Drosophila intestine. [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

Musashi-1 Promotes a Cancer Stem Cell Lineage and Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Scientists demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 enhanced the development of CD44⁺ colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and triggered the formation of anti-apoptotic stress granules. They indicated that CD44⁺ CSC lineage-specific induction of tumor malignancies was controlled by Musashi-1. [Sci Rep] Full Article

MicroRNA-645 Is an Oncogenic Regulator in Colon Cancer

Inhibition of microRNA-645 (miR-645) reduced proliferation and enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis triggered by the chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in CRC cells, and retarded colon cancer xenograft growth. [Oncogenesis] Full Article

Loss of TET1 Facilitates DLD1 Colon Cancer Cell Migration via H3K27me3-Mediated Down-Regulation of E-Cadherin

Investigators report that ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) knockdown induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in DLD1 cells. Loss of TET1 increased EZH2 expression and reduced UTX-1 expression, thus increasing histone H3K27 tri-methylation causing repression of the target gene E-cadherin. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Interactions of Cisplatin and the Copper Transporter CTR1 in Human Colon Cancer Cells

The authors report studies of the relationship between cisplatin and copper homeostasis in human colon cancer cells. While the accumulation of copper and platinum do not appear to compete with each other, they did observe that cisplatin perturbs CTR1 distribution within 10 minutes, a far shorter incubation time than commonly employed in cellular studies of cisplatin. [J Biol Inorg Chem] Abstract

Knockdown of PRDX2 Sensitizes Colon Cancer Cells to 5-FU by Suppressing the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Researchers depleted peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) by PRDX2-shRNA-LV transduction in two colon cancer cell lines and found that in vitro PRDX2 knockdown facilitates cell death, and apoptosis in 5-FU-treated colon cancer cells. [Biosci Rep] Full Article

WRN Conditioned Media Is Sufficient for In Vitro Propagation of Intestinal Organoids from Large Farm and Small Companion Animals

The authors showed that large farm and small companion (LF/SC) enteroids propagate and expand in L-Wnt3a, R-spondin-3, and Noggin (WRN) conditioned media containing signaling factors WRN. Multiple successful isolations were achieved for each species, and the growth of LF/SC enteroids was maintained to high passage number. [Biol Open] Full Article

Intestinal Epithelial Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) Impacts on Mucosal Homeostasis in a Model of Chronic Inflammation

Mice with or without conditional knockout of SOCS3 were infected with Trichuris muris. Crypt depth, worm burden, and proliferating cells and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase were quantified. SOCS3 knockdown was also performed in human IEC cell lines. [Immun Inflamm Dis] Full Article

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Inhibition of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 and Activation of Receptor 2 Protect against Colonic Injury and Promote Epithelium Repair

The authors showed that in response to MS, CRHR1 mediates gut injury by promoting intestinal inflammation, increasing gut permeability, altering intestinal morphology, and modulating the intestinal microbiota. In contrast, CRHR2 activates intestinal stem cells and is important for gut repair. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Flagellin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-κB Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Scientists fractionated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) supernatants using fast protein liquid chromatography and determined that ETEC flagellin was necessary and sufficient to protect IκBα from degradation in response to TNF stimulation. [Pathogens] Full Article

Intestinal Epithelial Claudins: Expression and Regulation in Homeostasis and Inflammation

An improved understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control epithelial claudin proteins will provide strategies to strengthen the epithelial barrier function and restore mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory disorders. [Ann N Y Acad Sci] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Showcases Expansive Oncology Clinical Development Program and Commitment to Exploring Novel Combinations

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that more than 80 presentations, including 16 oral presentations and seven poster discussions, highlighting data from company-sponsored studies, collaborations and investigator-sponsored research evaluating its oncology compounds across 20 types of cancer, will be featured. [Press release from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company discussing research to be presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2017, Chicago] Press Release

CSHL to Lead International Team Developing Next-Generation Organoid Cancer Research Models

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has been awarded a research subcontract by Leidos Biomedical Research to lead a Cancer Model Development Center for pancreatic, breast, colorectal, lung, liver and other upper-gastrointestinal cancers. [Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory] Press Release

Novelogics Biotechnology, Inc. & CDRD Partner to Advance Novel Cancer Treatment

Novelogics Biotechnology, Inc. announced that it has entered into a research agreement with The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD) to further characterize Novelogics’ internally-developed antibody immunotherapy for treating cancer. The proprietary technology behind Novelogics’ innovation involves discovery and development of monoclonal antibodies that target a protein that promotes immune suppression in cancer patients. [Novelogics Biotechnology, Inc.] Press Release

UK Political Parties Promise Science Funding Boost

UK scientists worried about how Brexit will affect their funding received a boost when the country’s three main national parties pledged long-term targets to raise research spending. [Nature News] Editorial

Journal that Holds Record for Retracted Papers Also Has a Problem with Editorial Board Members

Last month, Springer, announced that the journal Tumor Biology was retracting 107 papers after finding that the peer-review process had been compromised. It was the third mass retraction at Tumor Biology. But that’s not Tumor Biology’s only problem. ScienceInsider has discovered that the journal’s editorial board, as published online, contains the names of several scientists who say they have no relationship whatsoever with the journal—including German Nobel laureate Harald zur Hausen. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Lawmakers Decry Trump Plan to Slash NIH 2018 Budget

Lawmakers from both sides of the aisle in the U.S. House of Representatives voiced their displeasure with the Trump administration’s proposed $5.8 billion cut to the budget of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer 2017
June 28-July 1, 2017
Barcelona, Spain

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Medical Biochemistry and Mucin Biology (University of Gothenburg)

NEW PhD Studentship – Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Biology (University of Cambridge)

Chief – Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (University of Nebraska Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

PhD Position – Colorectal Cancer (German Cancer Research Center/DKFZ)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Nanomedicine (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral and PhD Positions – Bio-Nano Science (University of South Australia)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Cancer Biology (Emory University)

PhD/PhD-MD Studentship – Intestinal Immunology/Immunophathobiology (Universität Bern)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem Cell/Gene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

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